Latin America’s Independence Movement

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Independence Movements in Latin America

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Presentation transcript:

Latin America’s Independence Movement Unit 7 Notes

Let’s Recap: Background to Independence Spain is building an empire- Native Americans are the lowest class Native Americans begin to die because of European diseases Introduction of Slavery New ethnicities- Mestizo, Mulatto, Criollo More money from Triangle Trade = more slaves Slaves are unhappy= more rebellions

Toussaint L’Ouverture Haiti

Haiti

Haiti-Toussaint L’Ouverture former slave in Haiti; freed in 1777 1791: led a huge slave revolt against the French in Hispanola France was also fighting a war against Spanish forces in Hispaniola; couldn’t deal with slave rebellions promised that any slave who joined the French army & fought the Spanish would be freed 1795: L’Ouverture’s army helped French defeat the Spanish

Toussaint L’Ouverture 1801: L’Ouverture led a huge army into a Spanish colony & freed all slaves there Six months later, he became “governor general of Haiti for life.” 1802: Large French army lands in Haiti wanted to restore old French government & regain control of sugar trade L’Ouverture’s army fought the French & lost French arrested L’Ouverture and sent him to prison in France L’Ouverture died

Haiti’s Independence L’Ouverture’s army was outraged; it took up arms again against France. November 1803: defeated last of the French forces 1804: declared Haiti independent of French rule Haiti became the 1st country in Latin America to break free of European imperialism.

Simon Bolivar Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Bolivia

Simon Bolivar wealthy Venezuelan criollo who spent many years traveling Europe While in Italy, he discovered his life’s purpose: to liberate his homeland from European control. 1810: Bolivar’s army kicks Spanish governor out of Venezuela 1811: new constitution proclaimed Venezuela’s independent of Spanish rule Soon after, Spanish royalists defeated the new country’s army & Bolivar was forced to flee to New Granada (Colombia).

El Libertador Bolivar organized a bigger army & marched back into Venezuela. 1813: Bolivar’s army won & took control of Venezuela’s capital, Caracas Bolivar was nicknamed El Libertador. Over the next few years, Bolivar liberated New Granada (now Colombia), Ecuador, Panama, Peru, & Upper Peru (now Bolivia).

Miguel Hidalgo Mexico

Miguel Hidalgo Catholic priest in the town of Dolores began the struggle for Mexico’s independence in 1810 September 16th, 1810: “Cry of Dolores” was his call for revolution; rang church bells and shouted, “Long live our Lady of Guadalupe! Death to bad government! Death to the Spaniards!” an army of mestizos & Native Americans rallied behind Hidalgo

Mexico’s Independence 80,000 people joined the fight, but the army was soon defeated by the Spanish. Hidalgo was captured and executed in 1811 Mexicans continued to fight for independence over the next decade. 1821: Mexico gained independence from Spain. Mexico celebrates September 16th as its Independence Day. The president rings a bell in Mexico City and repeats Hidalgo’s “Cry of Dolores.”