Regents Review Leaders & Individuals

Nelson Mandela Country- South Africa Actions- end apartheid (separation of the races) Impact- 27 years in jail. Released by F.W. de Klerk. Elected first black president of South Africa.

Peter and Catherine The Great Country- Russia Actions- Peter rid Russia of the Mongols. Westernize and Warm Water Port Impact- Peter gained a port on the Baltic Sea and Catherine on the Black Sea.

Gandhi Country- India Actions- Passive resistance and civil disobedience. Impact- gained independence from Britain. Wanted peace between Hindus and Muslims. Equality for untouchables.

Hitler Country- Germany Actions- totalitarian, rise to power, Holocaust (genocide). Impact- 11 million killed during the Holocaust. Nuremberg Trials.

Lenin Country- Russia Actions- leader of the Russian Revolution Impact- makes Russia Communist. New Economic Policy. *Similar to Perestroika.

Stalin Country- Russia Actions- totalitarian, 5 Year Plan, glorification, purges. Impact- time period of censorship and terror.

Gorbachev Country- Soviet Union Actions- glastnost- openness and perestroika- restructuring the economy. Impact- Withdrew from Afghanistan, permitted the break up of Warsaw, negotiated a reduce in nuclear arms with U.S. And allowed Eastern European nations to introduce democracy.

Martin Luther Country- Germany Actions- Protestant Reformation,95 theses, sale of indulgences Impact- Created Lutheran, decreased the power of the Catholic Church.

Henry VIII Country- Britain Actions- absolute monarch, broke away from the Catholic. Impact- Established the Church of England (Anglican). Act of Supremacy- king assumed control of religion and the church.

Elizabeth I Country- Britain Actions- defeated the Spanish Armada, allowed for freedom of religion. Impact- made Britain the most powerful country in Europe. Encouraged literature and the arts.

Louis XIV Country- France Actions- divine right monarh, built palace at Versailles. Impact- literature and the arts flourished at Versailles (set an example for other absolute monarchs).

Napoleon Country- France Actions- ended the French Revolution with a coup d etat. Impact- Waged war against Europe. Napoleonic Law Code- all equal in the eyes of the law. Bank of France. University of France.

Bolivar Country- Bolivia Actions- leader of Latin American independence. Gained independence for Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru. Impact- “The Liberator” or “The George Washington of S. America.” His dream of a united Gran Colombia not achieved.

Sun Yat Sen Country- China Actions- United China and rid them of warlords. “Father of Modern China.” Three Principles: Nationalism, Democracy and Livelihood. Impact- made China a democracy.

Chiang Kai Shek Country- China Actions- defeated Mao first time. 2nd time Mao defeats Shek. Shek flees to Taiwan. Impact- “Creation of Two Chinas.” Mainland China communist under Mao. Taiwan democratic under Shek.

Mao Country- China Actions- Long March, Red Guard, Red Book, Cultural Revolution, Great Leap Forward. Impact- made China a Communist Country. Encouraged people to have many children which led to overpopulation.

Deng Country- China Actions- Introduced limited capitalism, One Child Policy, Tiananmen’s Square. Impact- Human rights violations.