#3 - What does the battle of Bull Run tell us about the future of the war? (11.1)

Northern Advantages Population 22 million – South 9.5 million Economic Resources 86% of Manufacturing 2.5 times railroad miles/telegraph lines 95% of merchant shipping Greater food production Political Leadership Abraham Lincoln Naval Superiority ability to blockade southern ports can cut off vital supplies Foreign relations US recognized throughout the world as legitimate

Southern Advantages Strategic Position Fighting a defensive war – South needed only to beat back Northern assaults Preparation for war: Stronger military tradition – needed less training Military Leadership Southern generals superior Morale Fighting in defense of their homeland had a greater fighting spirit

Comparing the two sides Union Confederacy Capital Washington DC Goals Preserve the Union, Post 1/1/63 – free slaves Economy Industrial/factories Strategy Offensive (attack) Capital Richmond, VA Goals Freedom to govern themselves Economy Agricultural/farming Strategy Defensive (dig in)

Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan A plan to defeat the south 1) Set up a naval blockade of the southern coastline 2) Capture the Mississippi River and split the south in half 3) Capture the Confederate capitol of Richmond

Southern Strategy Fight a defensive war Cotton Diplomacy – try to gain a European ally such as Great Britain or France

War fought on 2 Fronts East – Peninsula Campaign in and around Virginia Northern border of the confederacy West – West of the Appalachains and the Mississippi River. Northern Army – Army of the Potomac –defend DC Northern Army – Western Army – Grant Southern Army – Lee – Army of Northern Virginia

July 1861 Bull Run “Stonewall” Jackson Manassas, Virginia just outside of Washington DC City observers bring champagne and picnic baskets to watch the battle It takes place on Wilmer McLean’s farm “Stonewall” Jackson Confederate General holds his ground and rallies the southern troops

A frightening southern battle cry! The “Rebel Yell” A frightening southern battle cry!

Results Of the Battle of Bull Run The South (Confederate States of America) wins the battle There are 4,900 casualties (killed & wounded)

The Union reacts The Anaconda Plan is accepted – going to take time President Lincoln calls for 500,000 volunteers for the army