5 Kingdoms Ms. Whitworth

Glossary Taxonomy: The branch of science that deals with the classification of organisms. Prokaryotic: Organisms whose Cells that LACK a nucleus Eukaryotic: Organisms whose Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Multicellular: Organism made up of more than one cell Unicellular: Organism made up of ONLY ONE cell Autotrophic: Organism that makes energy by making its own food (photosynthesis). Heterotrophic: Organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms. Asexual reproduction: reproduction that involves one parent-spores, budding, regeneration. “Offspring” is identical to parent. Sexual Reproduction: reproduction that involves two parents. Fusion of sperm and egg to produce genetically distinct offspring.

Hierarchical Classification Organisms are placed into taxa Species: Panthera pardus Genus: Panthera Family: Felidae Classification groups Order: Carnivora Class: Mammalia The taxonomic hierarchy: Phylum: Chordata Kingdom: Animalia Domain: Eukarya Archaea Bacteria The three domains of life Figure 14.22

Some Basics of Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, the formal naming system used today Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name consisting of the Genus and the species Scientific names are underlined or italicized Example: Homo sapiens Upper case lower case

The Three Domain System Is one alternative to the six-kingdom system Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Earliest organisms Figure 14.27b

Arranging Life into Kingdoms: A Work in Progress Arranges life into kingdoms based on specific characteristics Figure 14.27a

The Six Kingdoms Domain: Archae or Bacteria Kingdom: Archea or Bacteria Cells: Prokaryotic Uni-cellular Autotrophs or Heterotrophs Reproduction: Asexual and sexual (conjugation) Examples of Bacteria E-Coli Pneumococcus Salmonella Cyanobacteria Examples of Archae: Halobacterium (salt lovers) Thermopoteus (hot water lover

The Six Kingdoms Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Protista Cells: Eukaryotic Mostly Uni-cellular Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Reproduction: Sexual and Asexual Examples: Algae (plant-like) – autotrophic Protozoans (animal-like) – heterotrophic Slime molds (fungus-like) – multi-cellular

The Six Kingdoms Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom Fungi Cells: Eukaryotic Mostly Multi-cellular Heterotrophic Reproduction: spores (asexual and sexual) Examples molds, yeasts (uni), mushrooms

The Six Kingdoms Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom Plantae Cells: Eukaryotic Multi-cellular Autotrophic Reproduction: Sexual and Asexual Examples: Mosses Ferns Pines Flowers Trees Grasses Cactus

The Six Kingdoms Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Cells: Eukaryotic Multi-cellular Heterotrophic Reproduction: Sexual Examples: Insects Spiders Fish Birds Amphibians Mammals