BIODIVERSITY OF PLANTS AND REPRODUCTION Topic 1.2. Pg. 54-56

Kingdom Plantae Land plants – some terrestrial, some aquatic. High diversity with distinguishing characteristics. Kingdom Plantae Non-vascular Plants Mosses Liverworts Hornworts Vascular Plants Seedless Ferns Seed-bearing Cone-Bearing Flowering

Kingdom Plantae 4 main groups: Bryophta (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) Pteridophyta (ferns) Spermatophyta - Angiosperms (flowering plants) - Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants)

Kingdom Plantae Similarities: Multicellular Cell walls Chlorophyll Differences: Appearance Method of obtaining food and water Other comparative characteristics include: Vascular tissue - True roots, stems, leaves Seeds/ spores - Cones/ flowers Fruit Dependence on water for reproduction

Differences between vascular and non-vascular plants Specialized tissue to conduct/ transport food and water (xylem & phloem) No specialized conducting/ transport tissue Have true roots, stems and leaves No true roots, stems and leaves (root-like structures = rhizoids) Divided into seedless and seed-bearing plants   E.g. ferns, cone-bearing and flowering plants E.g. mosses, liverworts, hornworts

All plants have 2 generations: Gametophyte generation Sporophyte generation Generations alternate, giving rise to the other throughout plant life cycle = ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS

BRYOPHYTES 3 groups: 1. Mosses 2. Liverworts (flattened; liver-shaped) 3. Hornworts (horn-shaped) Small terrestrial plants Grow in damp, shady areas Gametophyte generation = DOMINANT (large and longer-living than sporophyte generation)

BRYOPHYTES CHARACTERISTICS: No true roots, stems and leaves – thallus plants. Root-like rhizoids anchor plant in ground. No true vascular tissue. No seeds – reproduce by spores. No fruits – spores in capsules. Sexual reproduction – depends on water. Asexual reproduction – release and dispersal of spores depends on dry weather. Gametophyte generation = dominant generation

BRYOPHYTES