Notes – Protein Synthesis: Transcription

DNA and RNA puzzles: Instructions Draw: One molecule of DNA with 4 base pairs One molecule of RNA with 4 nucleotides Label a nucleotide Label a base pair Label the sugar-phosphate backbone Compare the two molecules using compare and contrast words: unlike / have in common / difference between in contrast / compared to / a distinction between

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA is transcribed into RNA in the nucleus RNA is translated into protein at the ribosome in the cytoplasm Gene = a piece of the chromosome that contains instructions for one protein

DNA vs. RNA RNA uses ribose sugar while DNA uses deoxyribose

DNA vs. RNA

DNA vs. RNA RNA uses ribose sugar while DNA uses deoxyribose RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded

DNA vs. RNA RNA uses ribose sugar while DNA uses deoxyribose RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded RNA uses uracil in the place of DNA’s thymine

Types of RNA mRNA = messenger RNA, copies of DNA instructions sent from the nucleus to the ribosomes tRNA = transfer RNA, brings amino acids to the ribosomes rRNA = Ribosomal RNA, combined with protein to make a ribosome

Transcription: DNA to RNA An enzyme (RNA polymerase) attaches to a promoter, a region of DNA at the start of a gene RNA polymerase opens the double helix

Transcription: DNA to RNA An enzyme (RNA polymerase) attaches to a promoter, a region of DNA at the start of a gene RNA polymerase opens the double helix RNA polymerase matches complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides

Transcription: DNA to RNA An enzyme (RNA polymerase) attaches to a promoter, a region of DNA at the start of a gene RNA polymerase opens the double helix RNA polymerase matches complementary RNA nucleotides to one of the DNA strands The new RNA molecule is released from the enzyme

Outline the process of Transcription using sequencing language: initially next, later, then after finally following eventually