Blood Vessels & Blood Transport https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v43ej5lCeBo

Arteries Large hose-like vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Have thick, multi- layered muscular walls. Walls are capable of stretching to accommodate the “pulse” of blood when the heart beats. Walls of arteries are thicker and stronger than the walls of veins and capillaries. Artery walls contain large amounts of muscle and elastic tissue. Muscle and elastic tissue allows an artery to change its diameter. Elastic tissue allows the artery to expand when the heart pumps blood into it. The blood exerts pressure against the vessel walls as it moves through the vessel, this is referred to as blood pressure. When an artery widens, more blood can flow through it, blood pressure decreases. When an artery contracts, less blood can flow through it, blood pressure increases. By changing diameter, an artery helps regulate blood flow and pressure.

Arteries Capable of expanding and contracting to change and maintain the blood pressure. NO valves Blood spurts Blood inside them is high in oxygen & low in carbon dioxide except in pulmonary artery.

Arteries Blood inside is bright red Blood inside is under High pressure Examples: Coronary (heart), Brachial (arms), Carotid (head), Femoral (legs), Renal (kidney). Hepatic (liver)

Arterioles Tiny branches off of the arteries. Cannot be seen with unaided eye - microscopic Thinner, less muscular walls (compared to arteries) Feed blood into the capillaries. Narrower than arteries, but wider than capillaries.

Capillaries Flow and pressure of blood is controlled by sphincters that are outside of the capillaries. Microscopic vessels ~ 8 µm in diameter. Erythrocytes (rbc’s) pass through in single file. Walls are only one cell thick (to facilitate diffusion of materials/exchange).

Capillaries Thinness allows for easy diffusion outward or inward through the single cell layer. Form capillary beds - networks of vessels linking arterial and venous blood.

Capillaries Oxygen , nutrients and other materials move out of the capillaries and into the extra-cellular fluid and then into cells. Carbon dioxide, wastes and other materials are picked up and move into the capillaries: (both involve diffusion for the movement).

Venules Vessels larger than capillaries but smaller (i.e. narrower and thinner walls) than veins.

Veins Larger inside diameter compared to arteries Take blood towards the heart Thinner, less muscular walls than arteries, but still 3 layers No stretching or contracting of walls except by external muscles. Contain valves to help return the blood to the heart (compensate for lower venous pressure, less muscle in walls, and large diameter).

Veins - Valves

Veins Blood: Moves smoothly. Low in oxygen except pulmonary circulation. Dull red. Low pressure. Examples: cardiac (heart) brachial (arms), jugular (head), femoral (legs), renal (kidney).

Varicose Veins ADD THIS TO THE BOTTOM OF YOUR PAGE When the valves don’t function properly, blood leaks backwards and pools in veins Veins sag, stretch and swell, creating bulging knarled vessels

Complete the Compare & Contrast On Page 2 (Point Form) READ & Highlight The Blood Vessels Information on Page 3 of the booklet. Complete the Compare & Contrast On Page 2 (Point Form) Complete Questions 1-7 on the Back page DUE: Next Class

The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System The circulatory system maintains Homeostasis (balance) by… 1. Facilitating gas exchange (O2 & CO2) 2. Delivering nutrients (from digestion) to cells 3. Picking up cellular waste 4. Facilitating temperature regulation 5. Assisting in an immune response 6. Delivering hormones 7. Closing wounds by clotting

Coronary Circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle. The vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium (heart tissue) = coronary arteries. The vessels that remove deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle = cardiac veins.

The Circulatory System Pulmonary Circulation: carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart. Systemic Circulation: carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

LA RA LV RV

The Heart Is a muscle. Made of cardiac muscle (myocardium) tissue. Contractions are innate and will continue without nervous stimulation in some circumstances. (Myogenic) 2 Separate pumps (oxygenated & deoxygenated blood). Size of a fist. Located in the thoracic cavity or chest. Located in the pericardial cavity.

The Heart Covered by a protective membrane called the pericardium. 4 valves stop the backflow of blood: tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic semilunar, & pulmonary semilunar. Valves are controlled by tendons: the chordae tendonae (which are anchored by papillary muscles) ADD TO NOTES!

Complete the Labels on THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DIAGRAM Highlight & Make Note of the Main Arteries and Veins

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES Tricuspid  between the Right Atrium & the Right Ventricle Bicuspid  between the Left Atrium, & the Left Ventricle SEMILUNAR VALVES Aortic Semilunar  between the Left Atrium and the Aorta Pulmonary Semilunar  between the Right Atrium and the Pulmonary Artery Papillary Muscles

HEART Valves: LABEL IN NOTES Tricuspid & Bicuspid are Atrioventricular (AV) Valves Tricuspid Valve Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve Aortic Semilunar Valve Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

The Right Side of the Heart Collects blood from around the body and pumps it to the lungs. 2 Collection tubes: Superior Vena Cava: collects blood from the head, arms, & upper trunk. Inferior Vena Cava: collects blood from lower trunk, & legs. Pumps blood to the lungs: Pulmonary circulation (heart ↔ lungs ↔ heart) RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART = DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

The Left Side Has thicker, more muscular walls than the right side. Collects the blood from the lungs and pumps it to all the parts of the body: Systemic Circulation (heart ↔ body ↔ heart). Blood enters the left side through the pulmonary veins: 2 from each lung. LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART = OXYGENATED BLOOD

The Circulatory System Blood Flow  Start and end at the Left Atrium, name each structure of the circulatory system that you come into contact with (including valves). The structures must be listed in order & color coordinated properly. Don't forget the mystery box as a prize.