1. Cardiovascular System

2. Role of Cardiovascular System
Transport O2 and nutrients to tissues
Remove CO2 and waste products from tissues
Maintenance of constant body temperature
Prevention of infection

4. Anatomy of the Heart Cardiac muscle About size of fist
Located in thoracic cavity between lungs directly behind sternum
Titled  Apex (pointed end) is oriented to left

5. Walls of heart:
Pericardium – protective sac (reduces friction)
Epicardium – outer layer
Myocardium – layer made of cardiac muscle
Endocardium – innermost layer

6. Separated by interventricular septum Right heart = right pump
The “Double Pump”
Right and left heart
Separated by interventricular septum
Right heart = right pump
Pump deoxygenated blood (just returned from body) to the lungs
Pulmonary circulation
Left heart = left pump
Pump oxygenated blood (just returned from lungs) to the rest of the body
Systemic circulation

7. 4 chambers Upper chambers = Atria (right & left)
Lower chambers = Ventricles (right & left)
Left ventricle (thickest) – pump blood through entire body
Right ventricle – pump blood short distance to lungs

10. Heart Valves Valves where blood leaves ventricles
Atria & ventricles separated by valve = Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Allows only one flow of blood (atria  ventricles)
Right side of heart  tricuspid valve
Prevent backflow from right ventricle to right atrium
Left side of heart  bicuspid (or mitral) valve
Prevent backflow from left ventricle to left atrium
Valves where blood leaves ventricles
Right side of heart  Pulmonary semilunar valve
Prevent backflow from pulmonary arteries to right ventricle
Left side of heart  Aortic semilunar valve
Separates aorta from left ventricle

13. Pathway of Blood Flow
Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from superior & inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava = returns blood from upper body
Inferior vena cava = returns blood from lower body
Blood moves from right atrium (through tricuspid vavle) to the right ventricle (passes tricuspid valve)
Pumped out of pulmonary arteries (through pulmonary semilunar valve) to lungs pumps it to the lungs
This is known as PULMONARY CIRCULATION

15. Oxygenated blood returns from lungs  now O2-rich
Through pulmonary veins into left atrium
Blood travels from left atrium (through bicuspid valve) to left ventricle
Blood enters aorta (through aortic semilunar valve) & pumps to the whole body
This is known as SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

17. Arteries & Veins Arteries = vessels that carry blood away from heart
Veins = vessels that carry blood toward heart

18. In systemic circulation, arteries carry oxygenated blood from heard to body tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to heart
In pulmonary circulation, pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs, while pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs back to heart