1. Cardiovascular system

2. all vertebrate animals have a closed circulatory system, which is called cardiovascular system. heart, blood vessels transport gases, nutrients, wastes

3. Heart

4. Four chambers Thickness of the wall Left ventricle ﹥ right ventricle

5. Valves Atriovantricular valve: right– tricuspid valve left-bicuspid valve surpported by fibrous strings Semilunar valve: pulmonary valve aortic valve To prevent blood backward movement

6. Heart

8. Blood vessels Arteries: carry blood away from the heart Capillaries: exchange materials with tissue fluid Veins: return blood to the heart

9. Blood vessels Aorta & vena cava— major artery & vein connected with the penis Arterioles--- small arteries Venules--- small veins Thickness of the wall: Artery ﹥ vein c. Vein

10. Capillary capillary beds – many capillaries interconnected capillary wall– extremely thin, red cell pass through in single file

11. Two major circular pathways Pulmonary circuit blood → lungs → heart Systemic circuit blood → heart → body

12. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. jugular vein (also subclavian vein from arms) head and arms carotid artery (also subclavian artery to arms) pulmonary artery pulmonary vein superior vena cava aorta inferior vena cava hepatic vein mesenteric arteries hepatic portal vein liver renal artery digestive tract renal vein kidneys trunk and legs iliac artery Iliac vein heart lungs CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs Superior/inferi or vena cava carry deoxygenated blood Left ventricle pumps blood to the body Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs

13. Systemic capillary exchange

14. Dissect heart and identify four chambers and valves