Ch. 3 Weather and Climate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrPS2HiYVp8 The video explains how the climate system on earth works and is 3:51 min long This video follows the flow of section 1

Section 1 Factors Affecting Climate The Sun and Latitude A. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place B. Climate-weather conditions in a region over a long period of time C. The closer you are to the tropics and the sun’s direct rays, the warmer you are…duh Because the sun does not hit each region of the globe equally each place has a different climate What were the three regions of the globe we studied last chapter? Polar Mid latitudes Tropics This can effect the way people live in different parts of the world and how we as humans view each place Show picture on page 41 Texas drought 2000 How would this change your view of the region? The sun plays a major role in the earths weather and climate patterns. It is important to remember that weather is he condition of the atmosphere given at a certain time and place. while climate is the weather conditions for a certain region over period of time.

Temperature-measurement of heat Atmosphere reflects half of sun’s energy and absorbs the other half which heats up the earth Greenhouse Effect-Earth allows sun’s heat in, traps it and slowly allows it to release into space G. Global Warming-CO2 absorbs heat H. Some say man is responsible while others say it’s a natural cycle The Temperature is caused by the solar energy from the sun. half is reflected out of the atmosphere the rest is absorbed and converted into heat which is temperature This process is called the green house effect The air in the atmosphere slows the release of the heat into space Global warming Scientist believe caused by humans Increase in the earth temperature Rise in CO2 ( carbon dioxide) because of the use of coal, natural gas, and oil CO2 absorbs heat and increases earths temperature

Do you know? How does the Earth’s Atmosphere help keep the planet Warm? Green house effect- slowing the loss of heat into space

Random Fact Venus and global warming The Little Ice age 1500’s -1800’s Venus is 96 % CO2 and because of this it is 890 F The Little Ice age 1500’s -1800’s Venus help scientist understand the global warming on earth Little ice age – temperature dropped 1 c

B. Higher you go, less pressure Atmospheric Pressure A. Pressure of air B. Higher you go, less pressure C. As air heats up, it expands, becomes less dense and rises (low pressure system) Climate -weather in an area over a long period of time Air has weight= air pressure Climbing mountains Flying planes Air heated becomes less dense and rises+ low pressure area Rising air usually cools and the water vapor in it is carried away to form clouds- can bring rain or storms Because of this process low pressure usually accompanies unstable weather conditions Cyclones anything from light breeze to heavy storm

G. Usually bring stable, clear and dry weather D. Air rises, cools and forms water vapor E. Centers of low pressure systems are called cyclones… sometimes a slight breeze while other times a powerful storm F. High pressure systems are created from cold air sinking towards the Earth G. Usually bring stable, clear and dry weather Because of this process low pressure usually accompanies unstable weather conditions Cyclones anything from light breeze to heavy storm

Do you Know What kind of weather is usually associated with an area of Low pressure? Unstable weather, anything from a slight breeze to bad storms

H. Look at pressure diagram on Page 43. III. Global Wind Belts A. Wind flows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas B. Tire C. Prevailing winds-blow from the same direction all the time…NE and SE trade winds, westerlies, easterlies D. Doldrums-along Equator, calm…little wind Pressure affects wind patterns on earth Wind flows from high pressure to low pressure areas Think of when filling a tire the air will rush out if you let it

E. Front-two air masses of widely different temperatures or moisture levels meet F. Usually results in precipitation G. Prevailing winds up in atmosphere make up the jet stream… wind speed can reach 300 miles per hour H. Jet streams move heat and major weather patterns

Do you Know? How is wind directly related to the differences of air pressure? Wind flows from high areas of high pressure to low pressure areas

A. Water heats and cools more slowly than land Ocean and Currents A. Water heats and cools more slowly than land B. Locations near large bodies of water have more consistent temps then inland locations C. Earth’s wind, rotation and temperatures create currents (great rivers of sea water) D. Move clockwise in NH and counter in SH California near the coast has more consistent weather will the Mid West us- it will change every five minutes Currents move heat back and fourth between tropics and polar regions

Currents help balance water temperatures in the oceans by moving it all around.

Do you know? What are the main forces that create ocean currents? Wind, earth’s rotation, varying ocean temperatures

Section 2: Weather Factors Read to Discover What are the common forms of precipitation, and how are they formed? How do mountains and elevation affect weather and climate? What are the different types of storms, and how do they form?

Section 2: Weather Factors Formation of Precipitation Condensation clouds, dew, fog, frost Evaporation Humidity Rain Snow Sleet Hail

Section 2: Weather Factors Forms of Precipitation Rain—Liquid formed through condensation of water vapor Snow—Ice crystals formed in clouds Sleet—Rain that freezes as it falls Hail—Chunks of ice formed in storm clouds

Section 2: Weather Factors Increase in elevation causes drop in temperature. Mountains cause orographic effect: Moist air meets a barrier and is pushed upward, causing cooling, condensation, and precipitation. Mountainside facing wind is the windward, wetter side; side facing away from wind is the leeward, drier side, called the rain shadow.

Section 2: Weather Factors Types of Storms Middle-latitude storms form when cold, dry polar air mixes with moist, warm tropical air. Examples include thunderstorms and tornadoes. Tropical storms are usually smaller and lack fronts. Examples include hurricanes and typhoons.

Section 3: Climate and Vegetation Patterns World Geography Today 3/31/2017 Section 3: Climate and Vegetation Patterns Read to Discover How do the two tropical climates differ? What conditions are common in dry climates? What climates are found in the middle latitudes? What characterizes high-latitude and highland climates? Chapter 3

Tropical Humid Climate Tropical Wet and Dry Climates Section 3: Climate and Vegetation Patterns Tropical Humid Climate Tropical Wet and Dry Climates Close to equator Warm temperatures Rainfall all year Receives Sun’s rays directly all year Rising warm air Rain forests Monsoons North and south of tropical humid Caused by seasonal change in this area Alternating wet and dry seasons Savannas

Section 3: Climate and Vegetation Patterns Dry Climate Areas Generally centered about 30 degrees north and south of equator Subtropical high-pressure zone causes sinking dry air, with little rain. Winters may be very cold, summers very hot. Hardy plants and animals

Section 3: Climate and Vegetation Patterns Middle-Latitude Climates Mediterranean—Long, dry summers and mild winters; scrub woodland vegetation Humid Subtropical—Hot, humid summers and mild winters; temperate forests Marine West Coast—Mild all year; may support dense forests Humid Continental—Variable, with four seasons; enough rain to support forests

Section 3: Climate and Vegetation Patterns High-Latitude and Highland Climates Subarctic—Long, cold winters and short, warm summers; vast evergreen forests Tundra—Long winters, with permafrost; low shrubs, lichens, mosses, ferns Ice Cap—Polar climates; few land plants or animals Highland—Varies by elevation, with low elevations relatively mild and high elevations similar to ice cap