How are acids and bases chemical make up different from each other? November 27, 2017 How are acids and bases chemical make up different from each other? Look over your notes for your quiz. copyright cmassengale

Macromolecules

Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic.

Macromolecules Large organic molecules. Also called POLYMERS. Made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS. Examples: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Dehydration Synthesis Also called “condensation reaction” Forms polymers by combining monomers by “removing water”. HO H H2O HO H

Hydrolysis Separates monomers by “adding water” HO H H2O HO H

Carbohydrates Small sugar molecules to large sugar molecules. Function in providing energy for the body Examples: A. monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. polysaccharide

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar unit Examples: glucose (C6H12O6) deoxyribose ribose Fructose Galactose glucose

Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugar unit Examples: Sucrose (glucose+fructose) Lactose (glucose+galactose) Maltose (glucose+glucose) glucose

Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units Examples: starch (bread, potatoes) glycogen (beef muscle) cellulose (lettuce, corn) glucose cellulose

Lipids General term for compounds which are not soluble in water. Made up of fatty acids Remember: “stores the most energy” Examples: 1. Fats 2. Phospholipids 3. Oils 4. Waxes

Hydrogen Added for Shelf Life Types of Lipids Occurs in Nature State Healthy Unsaturated Fats Natural Liquid Good Trans Fats Hydrogen Added for Shelf Life Solid Bad Saturated Fats Not so Good

Lipids Functions of lipids: 1. Long term energy storage 2. Insulation 3. Water barrier 4. Major component of membranes

Proteins (Polypeptides) Made up of amino acids Function determined by the shape of the amino acid Six functions of proteins: 1. Storage 2. Transport 3. Regulatory 4. Movement 5. Structure 6. Enzymes

Nucleic acids Two types: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - blueprint for an organism b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) - makes proteins Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotides linked by dehydration synthesis.