War of 1812 “Our 2nd Revolution”

“Mr. Madison’s War” Madison – 4th President During his terms, he was forced to make decisions about war. This decision became what we know today as the War 1812 – or “Mr. Madison’s War”

Location, Location, Location… Baltimore, MD Chesapeake Bay Great Lakes Caribbean Sea British Isles Washington, DC Atlantic Ocean Canada New Orleans, LA Africa (Barbary States)

Causes? Barbary Pirates were attacking ships around Africa. Impressments on the American ships by the British continued. Native Americans were attacking American settlers in the Ohio River Valley with weapons supplied by France

Solutions? Jefferson tried to Isolate the country through the Embargo Act – NO TRADE with any foreign country Result: Angry merchants in the North as well as frustrated plantation owners in the South

Orders in Council 1807 British claim: “No neutral vessels shall be allowed to trade with France nor enter any French controlled ports” These were suspended in June 1812 (after we declared war)

France’s turn…… Napoleon threatens: “The French will seize ALL vessels helping the British including any neutral vessels”

Solutions? Madison takes the Embargo Act and alter it to help the US citizens Nonintercourse Act: States that trade is allowed with any foreign country EXCEPT France and Britain

War of 1812 BEGINS!! Battles of Thames & Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison Battle of New Orleans Andrew Jackson 1st time to use guerilla warfare to win a battle

Significances Star Spangled Banner Originally a poem written by Francis Scott Key Described the Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry) Adopted as the National Anthem by 1931

Con’t – Significances…. Burning down of the White House Washington, DC Dolly Madison – famous for saving the original copy of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and Washington’s portrait Tried to destroy our symbol and bring us “down”

Con’t – Significances…. Hartford Convention December 1814 New England “secession” Push for a Constitutional Amendment to limit the powers of Congress and Southern states End of the Federalist party Seen as treason

Ending of the War? Treaty of Ghent Battle of New Orleans December 24, 1814 Belgium POWs were exchanged Territorial boundaries were restored US beat Britain for the 2nd but final time Battle of New Orleans January 8, 1815 Britain tried to separate New Orleans from the US Last armed engagement between the British and Americans British suffered high causalities