Making the Peace

Find the cost of the other countries 55 Billion 50 Billion 25 Billion 31 Billion 60 Billion 21 Billion

Human Costs of the War Russia= 9.1 Million Casualties Germany=7.1 Million Casualties Austria-Hungary= 7 Million Casualties France= 6 Million Casualties Great Britain=3 Million Casualties Italy= 2 Million Casualties U.S.= .3 Million Casualties

Paris Peace Conference Meeting of the victors in 1919 27 Nations: European & Asian 3 nations in control (U.S. France, & Britain) Discuss Post War Goals: War Reparations= Repaying cost of war Self-Determination= Countries deciding government Prevent further war= League of Nations

Conflicting Ideas Country Leader Treaty Ideas France Clemenceau Weaken Germany (limit armies) Britain Lloyd George Money to repay war debt U.S. Woodrow Wilson Prevent further war Fourteen Pt Plan Using the data we looked at previously, why would different allied nations have different ideas?

Conflicting Ideas Continued. Country Treaty Ideas Germany No control over stipulations Austria

Treaty of Versailles Forced Germany to accept official Blame for the war Set reparations to 33 billion in 1921 (Equivalent to 2.7 trillion today) Gave territories to Belgium, Denmark & Poland All overseas colonies given to allied powers Restricted the German military to 100,000 Forbade the manufacture of military equipment. Ex: Tanks & aircraft

Treaty of Versailles Continued New self determined countries Hungary Poland Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Eliminated the Ottoman Empire

The League of Nations Idea by President Woodrow Wilson 40 nations Negotiate disputes instead of fight. Create international law U.S. did not join

Political Geography Transition Europe 1914 Europe 1920

Wilson’s 14 Points Speech to Congress January 8th, 1918 Purpose: To ensure the American people that the Great War was being fought for moral causes. 10 months before German Armistice Had little to do with the Treaty of Versailles

1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace- Lorraine 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "alone” clearly recognizable lines of nationality." 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria- Hungary. 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.