1. Wilson’s Vision for World Peace
Fourteen Points
Eliminate causes of wars by calling for an end to secret agreements and alliances, protect freedom of the seas(trade), and reduce armaments(military forces)
Allow for autonomous development – countries to make decisions about own future.
League of Nations would ensure world peace

3. Point 1 :Public diplomatic negations with more secret agreements or secret treaties Point 2 :Freedom of navigation on all seas. Point 3 :Free trade among nations and an end to all economic barriers between countries Point 4 :Countries to reduce armaments and weapons to a level required for public safety. Point 5 :Fair and impartial decisions for the resolution of colonial claims Point 6 :Restoration of Russia territories and freedom to establish and develop its own political system Point 7 :Preservation of the sovereignty of Belgium and that it should be independent as before the war.

4. Point 8 :France should be fully liberated, its territory restored and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine Point 9 :All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy and Italy's borders to be "along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.“ Point 10 :Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. Point 11 :Self-determination and guarantees of independence for the Balkan states and its borders re-drawn. Point 12 :Self-determination for the Turkish people and for Non-Turks under Turkish rule Point 13 :An independent Polish nation should be created which should have access to the sea. Point 14 :A League of Nations should be created to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.

5. Ideals v. Self Interest
Wilson’ s view of peace was different than the other Big Four leaders. France’s Georges Clemenceau was concerned only about French Security David Lloyd George wanted Germany to accept full responsibility for war and pay reparations. Wilson tried to restrain from punishing Germany but ultimately agreed to gain support for League of Nations.

7. Treaty of Versailles
Wilson agrees to the treaty because he hoped that the League of Nations would be able to correct its many flaws.
War-Guilt Clause
Germany accepts responsibility for the war
Germany must pay reparations
Germany looses territory and must reduce its military
The Big Four (US, Italy, France, Britain) signed the Treaty of Versailles on June 18, 1919.

9. Ratification of Treaty
Most concerned about the League of Nations charter which required member nations to work together – even supply troops – to keep the peace.
Rejection of the Treaty v. Support for the Treaty
Support for the Treaty
Internationalists supported the Treaty of Versailles because they believe greater cooperation among nations could work to benefit all
REJECTION OF TREATY
Irreconcilables were completely against the treaty and wanted no part of the League of Nations because they FEARED it would draw the US into a new war
Senator HENRY CABOT LODGE was the leader of the irreconcilables and refused to support the treaty.

10. Divided Senate decides
Vote 1 – treaty was defeated Vote 2 – treaty was defeated Vote 3 (4 months later ) treaty was defeated

11. 1920 ELECTIONS The Treaty becomes a referendum
Americans were more concerned with inflation and unemployment.
Republican Harding wins election
OCT 21,1921 the United States signed a separate peace agreement with Germany and did not become a member of the League of Nations.

12. Debate
Partner A - INTERNATIONALSIT (support) Partner B - RESERVATIONIST (against treaty) Using your notes create 3 arguments for your side that you could use to debate your opinion of the treaty in the Senate. Write your arguments on note card provided.