Russian & Turkish Empires

The Birth of Russia Developed @ intersection of 3 rivers: Dneiper R. Don R. Volga R. 800s- Varanigans or Rus move in from N. Rus-probably Vikings

The Varanigan Influence Help maintain order Capital @ Kiev Develop trade routes w/ Byzantine Cultural Diffusion -Legend says Russians invited Viking king Rurik to be their king -Kiev is on the Dnieper River -allows Vikings to sail by river and sea to Constantinople -Adapted to Russian/Slavic customs and languages; intermarried -Line between two groups eventually vanished

Byzantine Influence Кириллица Missionaries spread Orthodox Christianity ~980-Vladimir converts & forces all subjects to convert Idea of emperor as supreme ruler of Church Autocratic Rule-single ruler with unlimited power Cyrillic Alphabet- Кириллица -As the Russians traded more and more with the Byzantine empire, a blending of the Greek Byzantine and Slavic traditions formed what we know as the Russian culture -Brought in resources, ideas and people -Vladimir considered converting when he took the throne -sent out teams to research the major religions -lukewarm ideas about Islam, Judaism and Western Christianity; group from Byzantine gave amazing description of churches and rituals that led to Vladimir’s conversion -would eventually become Russian Orthodox Church

Those Gosh Darn Mongolians Who was the trader who travelled from this city to serve on the court of the Yuan Dynasty? Who united most of Eurasia under the Mongols? Mid 1200s-Mongols move into Russia Golden Horde Led by Genghis Khan, then grandson Batu Khan 1240-Mongols destroyed Kiev Allowed Russians to follow own customs Demanded two things: Obedience Massive amounts of tribute ($) Who united China under the Yuan Dynasty?

Mongol Influence Peace  new trade routes Capital @ Moscow Cut off Russia from Renaissance Trade-China and India

Ivan the Great Defeated Mongol rule Limited the power of the Boyars-landowning nobles Linked to Byzantine Empire through marriage Married niece of last Byzantine emperor First to call himself czar Russian version of Caesar

Meanwhile, back on Anatolia…

Questions for stdts using drawing tool: What empire was located here? Point out Ancient Rome and area it covered What did Diocletian do to this empire? Divided; draw divider Why? Too big What did Constantine do for this empire? Reunited, moved capital to Constantinople; Locate city Trade on the Silk Roads, Taxes Eventually what happened to Rome? West fell in 476, East flourished under Byzantine; Label Byzantine What ruler brought the Byzantine to its height? Justinian recaptured “old” Rome This was all happening in the 400-500s. What was going on here in 622 (Point out Mecca)? Muhammad founded Islam What dynasties/empires spread Islam? Umayyad & Abbasids

Background 8th century-the Abbasids ruled ME 200 years- Losing territory 945 AD- Persians move into capital @ Baghdad Byzantine had declined after Justinian’s death

The Turks March from Central Asia nomadic herders 10th c.- Move into Abbasid empire Began to convert to Islam

The Rise of the Seljuks 970 AD-Seljuks moves in Converts to Sunni branch of Islam 1055 AD-Seljuks attack & capture Baghdad from Persians ~1075 AD-Seljuks march on the Byzantine Empire Within 10 years, Seljuks occupy most of Anatolia Seljuks are Turkish

The Seljuks & the Crusaders 1095 AD-Pope Urban II starts 1st Crusade Wanted to retake Jerusalem for Christians 1099 AD-Christian Crusaders take Jerusalem Massacre Jewish & Muslims Christian kingdom lasted about a century

Seljuks Fight Back Seljuk leader, Saladin & King Richard I of England signed a truce DEAL Muslims  Jerusalem Christians Access to Holy Places -Popes would continue to call for more Crusades but none would be successful 1187 AD- a portion of the former Seljuk Empire recovered Jerusalem for the Muslims -Unlike Christian invasion that left thousands dead, Saladin did not allow his men to commit any violence New threat from the EastMongols

Those gosh darn Mongolians…again 1200s-Genghis Khan moves into the Middle East 1258-Genghis’ grandson, Hulagu took Baghdad Mongolian Empire crumbled w/in a few generations Genghis-Destroyed cities; murdered thousands Hulagu-Mongol belief warned against spilling sacred blood so he had the last caliph killed by wrapping him in a carpet and having him trampled by horses The Mongols knew little about how to rule a vast empire Another group of Turks would build a new empire-The Ottomans