DECEMBER 7, 1988 SPITAK, ARMENIA EARTHQUAKE WALTER HAYS GLOBAL INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS More Supercourse lectures on Earthquakes - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/disasters/disasters.htm#EARTHQUAKES

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE SPITAK WAS IN THE “BULLS” EYE” M6.8 HOSPITALS AND SCHOOLS COLLAPSED SEARCH AND RESCUE NEDED TO SAVE TRAPPED VICTIMS M6.8 11:41 AM LOCAL TIME “BLIND” THRUST FAULT

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE AT LEAST 25,000 KILLED IF THE QUAKE HAD OCCURRED 5 MINUTES LATER, CHILDREN WOULD HAVE BEEN OUTSIDE THE COLLAPSED SCHOOLS NEW CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS PERFORMED POORLY SCHOOLS PERFORMED POORLY

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE HOSPITALS PERFORMED POORLY MEDICAL SERVICES WERE UNAVAILABLE IN THE HOUR OF GREATEST NEED.

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE PRESIDENT GORBACHAV WAS GUEST OF PRESIDENT REAGAN AND PRESIDENT-ELECT BUSH IN NEW YORK AT TIME OF QUAKE SOME 70 COUNTRIES SENT PEOPLE AND SUPPLIES UNESCO HELPED PLAN RECOVERY RECONSTRUCTION COSTS OF ABOUT $16 BILLION

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE: UN-ANCHORED FLOOR PLANKS

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE: UN-REINFORCED MASONRY

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE: UN-REINFORCED MASONRY

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE: CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE: NEW BUILDINGS PERFORMED POORLY

SOIL AMPLIFICATION EXACERBATED DAMAGE

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE: CULTURAL HERITAGE

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE: DEBRIS AND TRAFFIC HINDERED EM RESPONSE

SPITAK EARTHQUAKE: SEARCH AND RESCUE

WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THE SPITAK EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING EMERGED AS A HIGH PRIORITY THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF ARMENIA WAS ESTABLISNED TO BUILD TECHNICAL CAPACITY “BLIND THRUST FAULTS” WERE AVOIDED SEISMIC DESIGN PROVISIONS WERE UPGRADED THE “NEW” SPITAK IS A 4-STORY CITY WITH MORE ATT-ENTION TO DETAIL