5.5 Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

Senate House of Representatives Parliament First, you need to understand how Parliament works… It’s a little like our Congress… Congress 2 houses = bicameral Senate House of Representatives Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Democrats Republicans Democrats Republicans Whigs Tories Whigs Tories

House of Lords House of Commons Here’s how it looks with the English monarch added in… Monarch King or Queen Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Whigs Tories Whigs Tories

House of Lords House of Commons Here’s how it looked under Charles I… DISSOLVED Monarch King Charles I Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected NO!!! Give me money!!! Fine! Then you’re not allowed to meet anymore, and you can’t make any new laws Whigs Tories Whigs Tories

Charles I needed money… again… So he called Parliament back into session. They agreed to give him money, but only if he followed these four rules: Petition of Right He couldn’t put people in prison without a good reason. He couldn’t make new taxes without Parliament’s consent. He couldn’t force people to take soldiers into their homes. He couldn’t have martial law (army patrolling streets) in peacetime. Charles I signed it… Then he ignored it…

Oh dear… The Presbyterian Scots are invading… DISSOLVED Monarch King Charles I Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Seriously?! You agreed to the Petition of Right, and then you ignored it! Actually… I really do need your money now, otherwise we’ll be invaded… Whigs Tories Whigs Tories

OH NO YOU DIDN’T!!!! Things got heated… Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected OH NO YOU DIDN’T!!!! Psst! Let’s get him! Monarch King Charles I Thanks for the money! Aaaand now I’m going to make laws to prevent you from being powerful again! BUWAHAHAHA!!!! Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Okay! We never liked him anyway! Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads”

Oliver Cromwell turns the tide of the war… Parliament & the Puritans win, and Charles I is beheaded. ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Monarch King Charles I Parliament Puritans (“Roundheads”) Oliver Cromwell The King The Royalists / Cavaliers Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads”

Oliver Cromwell took over… Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected abolished the monarchy… Monarch nobody… …and the House of Lords… …and the rest of Parliament… Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads” …and formed a military dictatorship, enforcing his rules with the army by his side, and the Puritans imposing their morality on all English citizens. He crushed an Irish rebellion. Hundreds of thousands died.

The Restoration Luckily, he died. Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected A new Parliament was formed. Monarch Charles II They chose Charles II to be their new King. Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads” The Restoration

The Restoration Charles II was pretty awesome. Parliament Monarch 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Monarch Charles II Whigs Tories Whigs Tories I’ll never put people in prison unless they’re convicted of a crime by an impartial judge! That’s called habeas corpus! Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads” The Restoration

House of Lords House of Commons Monarch Unfortunately, he died. Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Monarch Charles II Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads”

His brother James II became king, because Charles II didn’t have any legitimate children. Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Monarch James II He was CATHOLIC!!! Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads” England was Protestant… So they were NOT happy…

He put Catholics in positions of power. DISSOLVED Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Parliament protested… Monarch James I …so he dissolved them. Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads”

Psst! Let’s get rid of him! Parliament He had a son… England envisioned a long line of Catholic kings… and they were terrified. DISSOLVED Psst! Let’s get rid of him! Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Monarch James I Good idea!! Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads”

Old members of Parliament conspired to overthrow the King. They enlisted the help of his daughter, Mary, who was Protestant. She was married to another Protestant, William of Orange, King of the Netherlands. DISSOLVED Fab! Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Monarch James I Whigs Tories Whigs Tories I never liked my dad and his silly Catholicism… Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads” We’ll help!

William and Mary marched on London with their Dutch army… DISSOLVED Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Monarch James I Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads”

The Glorious Revolution …and James II ran away. Parliament Monarch DISSOLVED Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected Monarch King William and Queen Mary Whigs Tories Whigs Tories The Glorious Revolution Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads”

William and Mary established a constitutional monarchy. DISSOLVED Parliament 2 houses = bicameral House of Lords House of Commons *nobles *regular people *inherit *elected They brought back Parliament... and signed the Bill of Rights. Constitutional Monarchs King William and Queen Mary Whigs Tories Whigs Tories Puritans Ultra-Religious and Uber-Pure Protestants a.k.a. “Roundheads”