The Early 19c: The Creation of an American Culture

Cultural Nationalism Education  The “Virtuous Citizen” An American form of English Noah Webster

The Sketch Book, 1819-20 “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” Cultural Nationalism A well-defined American literature Washington Irving The Sketch Book, 1819-20 “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

Cultural Nationalism Religious Movements: Deism Second “Great Awakening”

2004 Election Headlines Outreach effort and moral values theme pays off for Bush with Hispanics -- Nov. 3, 2004 [FOX News] Election Reinforces USA’s Religious Schism -- Nov. 4, 2004 [USA Today] 'It's a Victory for People Like Us' Bush Emphasis on Values Drew Ohio Evangelicals -- Nov. 5, 2004 [Washington Post]

2004 Election Poll Data Kerry Bush Nader Which One Issue Mattered Most in Deciding How You Voted for President? (Check only one) Kerry Bush Nader Taxes Percentage of Electorate: 5 43% 57% 0% Education Percentage of Electorate: 4 73% 26% -- Iraq Percentage of Electorate: 15 Terrorism Percentage of Electorate: 19 14% 86% Economy/Jobs Percentage of Electorate: 20 80% 18% Moral Values Percentage of Electorate: 22 1% Health Care Percentage of Electorate: 8 77% 23%

Attend Religious Services 2004 Election Poll Data Attend Religious Services Kerry Bush Nader More Than Once a Week Percentage of Electorate: 16 35% 64% 1% Once a Week Percentage of Electorate: 26 41% 58% 0% A Few Times a Month Percentage of Electorate: 14 49% 50% -- A Few Times a Year Percentage of Electorate: 28 54% 45% Never Percentage of Electorate: 15 62% 36%

The Second “Great Awakening:” Revivalist Meeting

“soul-shaking” conversion Charles G. Finney The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation. “soul-shaking” conversion

The “Benevolent Empire”

“Burned-Over” District in Upstate New York

American Bible Society Founded in 1816

Jefferson’s Vision of America Hamilton’s Vision of America Economic Nationalism Encourage Creativity & Inventiveness. Create a Transportation Infrastructure. Create a Pro-Business Atmosphere. Role of Govt. Jefferson’s Vision of America Hamilton’s Vision of America

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!

Interchangeable Parts Rifle Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

First Turnpike Lancaster, PA (1790) By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

Cumberland “National Road,” 1811

Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s

Yankee Clipper Ships

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat The Clermont

Erie Canal System

The Erie Canal, 1820s