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Published byMarcus Lindsey Modified over 8 years ago
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INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS The Transportation Revolution
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First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities. Funded by states.
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Cumberland (National) Road, 1811
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Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s
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Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont
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STEAMBOATS NEW ORLEANS BECOMES MAJOR PORT MADE 2-WAY RIVER TRAFFIC PRACTICAL QUICKER THAN ROADS DISADVANTAGES: FREQUENT FIRES, COLLISIONS, ICE, SANDBARS
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CANALS Even more efficient than roads for moving goods – lower costs & less time Locks regulated the water level Encouraged growth of cities & towns State funding Disadvantages: freeze in winter, dry up in summer
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Economic effects? Cost of shipping a ton of grain: down from $100 to $5; time down from 20 to 6 days THE ERIE CANAL – “CLINTON’S BIG DITCH” From Buffalo to Albany Begun 187 and completed 1825
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Principal Canals in 1840
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Inland Freight Rates
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RAILROADS MOST PRACTICAL METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION ◦ POSSIBLE IN ALL KINDS OF WEATHER ◦ ANY KIND OF TERRAIN ◦ FASTEST VERY DANGEROUS! ◦ HIGH SPEEDS ◦ FIRES & COLLISIONS ◦ BAD BRAKES SLOWER TO TAKE HOLD BECAUSE STATES SPENDING MORE $ ON ROADS & CANALS
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The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 1830 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR By 1850 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 31,000 mi.]
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The Railroad Revolution, 1850s Immigrant labor built the Northern RRs. Slave labor built the Southern RRs.
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Stagecoaches The Pony Express Stagecoaches traveled from MO River to California ◦ Calling “shotgun?” Pony Express, 1860 ◦ Carried mail 2000 miles from MO to CA ◦ Stations 10 miles apart ◦ Could make it in 10 days! ◦ Brought to an end by ?
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Clipper Ships Why short-lived? Clipper Ships Why short-lived?
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Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable, 1858 From Newfoundland to Ireland
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