WWII - Allied Advance Goals: 10. Summarize the events and actions of the Allied Advance during 1941-1944. 11. Analyze the importance of the major battles of the Battle of Midway, D-Day and the Battle of the Bulge.

But the next 3 years were very difficult Early 1942 Churchill immediately upon hearing about Pearl Harbor: “We have won the war.” But the next 3 years were very difficult Most of Europe controlled by Germany Soviets in the midst of 900 day siege (>1 million died Japanese taking over the Pacific Islands – including the Phillipines

Battle of Midway- June 1942 Allied strategy was to defeat Germany and Italy first, then focus on Japan- but they still fought in the Pacific Douglas MacArthur – American commander in the Pacific “I shall return” Battle of Midway was a key victory. American planes sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers Hampered the Japanese presence in the Pacific Prevented future attacks on Hawaii

North Africa and Advance into Italy 1943/44 General Dwight D Eisenhower led US troops into North Africa & with other Allied forces defeated Germany’s Rommel Italians had managed to overthrow Mussolini and the new government sided with the Allies Rome was first European capital liberated from German control in June 1944

D-Day June 6th 1944 Allied troops would attack German Forces along the French coast and create a second front Operation Overload (code name) Eisenhower was commander Germans knew something was up, but not when or where Almost 5000 Allied ships, 300,000 troops landed in one week Food, supplies, ammunition across the Channel Every day new troops would arrive to supplement the losses Estimated 4000 men died during the invasion

Advancing on Germany Paris liberated August 1944 By September, Allies begin advance on Germany Truck Fuel shortage slowed them down, and gave Germany a chance to counter-attack Battle of the Bulge – -Allied Forces on the ground -American planes by day, British planes by night -Germany suffered fuel/war goods shortages

Presidency Change-Up /Germany Defeated FDR ran for and won a 4th term as president Died after only a few months in office Harry Truman (VP) finished out the term April 1945 Germany was getting pressure from both sides They met just south of Berlin and began a joint attack Hitler hid in his bunker and committed suicide Germany surrendered on May 7th 1945

Pacific Campaign Goals were to retake the Phillippines and invade Japan Island Hopping strategy – using gained ground as new bases Feb 1945 MacArthur regained Phillippines, then Iwo Jima and Okinawa Attacked by kamikaze pilots Americans bombed Japanese cities, factories and sank Japanese ships and the people were hurting- but Japanese gov’t refused to give in

Atomic Bomb- Nagasaki and Hiroshima Allied leaders discuss use of Atomic Bomb Sent message to Hirohito warning them to surrender or suffer “prompt and utter destruction” In early August, 1945 – 2 atomic bombs dropped on Japan 70,000 killed in Nagasaki 40,000 killed in Hiroshima Many thousands more injured or suffered radiation poisoning Still the Japanese gov’t debated surrendering September 1945 Japan formally surrendered Potsdam Declaration

Costs of the War Estimated 30-60 million people killed (active and civillians) Cities/Farmland destroyed by bombings leaving millions homeless and food shortages Stories of mistreatment of prisoners Holocaust-est. 12 million Jews, Poles, Slavs and Gypsies killed + those with mental/physical disabilities Nuremberg Trials-Nazi Leaders were put on trial for war crimes – 12 sentenced to execution, thousands more jailed