Information Technology Key Techno-Economic Driver of 21st Century

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Presentation transcript:

Information Technology Key Techno-Economic Driver of 21st Century Shri Rajeeva Ratna Shah Secretary Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion Ministry of Commerce & Industry Government of India

The Broadening Sphere of Information Technology DATA INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE Cognition Computation Communication

Capitalist Society (Legacy System) Information Society Old Economy Capitalist Society (Legacy System) New Economy Information Society (Knowledge Society) Core: Competition is the key since capital is a limited and scarce resource Core: Collaboration and sharing is the key since knowledge is inexhaustible Capital diminishes with sharing Knowledge increases with sharing Capital investments are one time and subject to low obsolescence Knowledge investments need continuous up-gradation and have high obsolescence

Knowledge of the 21st Century STHULA-JAGAT SOOKSMA-JAGAT Macrocosm Microcosm NEURONS NETWORKS NANOTECH ATOMS Building Blocks & Knowledge Tools of 21st Century BIOTECH COMPUTERS GENES BITS

INDIA – GIANT STRIDES IN IT SECTOR Industry size US $ 14 billion: Export US $ 12 billion 2008 target export: US $ 50 billion CAGR (5 years):exceeding 50% Job creation: a million direct jobs & indirectly 2-3 Million jobs India is hosting 62 SEI/CMM – level 5 companies, which represents more than half of world total. 250 Fortune 500 companies are sourcing software service from India 250 Software companies in India have ISO – 9000 certification.

India as an International BPO Hub Remote Delivery of Services Custom Software Call Centers Transcription Services Transaction Services Engineering Design Product and Process Development An Emerging $ 100-150 billion Global Outsourcing: Access to Low Cost Talent

COUNTRY ADVANTAGE LIKELY TO BE COMODITIZED (45-55% savings) Vendor advantage (30-40% savings) Original Cost base Factor Savings Additional Telecom & manage- ment costs Off-shore Location cost Consoli-ation, Standar- Dization & superior skills Task Reengi neering Econo- mies of scale Process Reengine -ering New cost Task migration Task level improvement 100 60-65 10-15 8-13 5-7 3-5 Does not Include gains from Over-delivery and continuous 45-55 15 30-35 Task aggregation And process level improvement

INDIA AS AN EMERGING DESIGN SOURCE Hardware/embedded Software design emanating from MNC’s in India e.g. Philips DVD video codec; Apple iPod audio codec; TI OMAP; Microsoft J#; Adobe Reader for Palm & iPaq; Intel “start-up” utility; Cisco IOS core components; hp-ux, OpenView kernel; Oracle Pro c components “Hi-tech” hardware/software product design by Indian IT companies e.g. MBIL 3rd global optical disk manufacturer; VXL Instruments 3rd global terminal manufacturer; HiCal supplies magnetics for global No 1 mobile handset manufacturer; ImpulseSoft possibly the first global Bluetooth wireless earphone; Manmar imaging software for Ultrasound scanners; Purple Vision signal processor;

INDIA AS AN EMERGING R&D HUB Microsoft, Intel, CISCO, DELL have major R&D centers in India – The biggest outside US Monsato - R & D base in India - first outside USA GE - T9he Jack Welch Research Center in Bangalore HP Labs India has built a Prototype that Scan Handwritten Mail through a Small Handheld Device The Daimler Chrysler Research Center in Bangalore engaged in Fundamental and Applied Research in Avionics, Simulation and Software Development Whirlpool’s Pune Research Lab develops Refrigerators and Air Conditioners for Asia and Australia GE Motors India Developed a Noiseless Motor for GE’s Most Sophisticated Washing Machine Lines in the USA

SUPERCOMPUTING Synonymous to Technologies which help in achieving high computational and storage capability for Mission Critical & Grand Challenge problems in Scientific & Engineering and now in Business computing domains. Advanced Computing High Performance Computing Cluster Computing Parallel Processing Vector Processing

High Performance Computing (HPC) Key Technology for Self-reliance India Entered in Late 80s – Due to Export Control Significant Developments made since late 80’s Strategic and Key Economic Sectoral Applications

EVOLUTION OF PARAM SUPER COMPUTERS PARAM PADMA Performance 1000 GFLOPS 100 GFLOPS PARAM 10000 20 GFLOPS 10 GFLOPS PARAM Open Frame PARAM 9000 5 GFLOPS PARAM ANANT PARAM 8600 1 GFLOPS PARAM 8000 Year 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2000 2002

PARAM Padma

PARAM Padma (Param 20K) One TF Peak Computing Power with several 100s GF Sustained Power on International Bench marks 5 TB Primary storage & 10 TB Secondary storage Interconnect @ 2.5 GBPS two way with very low latency Flexible and Scalable Program development, System Engineering and System Management tools

Applications of Supercomputing Bio technology & bio computation Molecular Modeling Genomic Sequencing Nano technology & nano computation Atmospherics & Oceanics Weather Forcasting Climate modeling Computational Fluid dynamics for Space Science Applications Seismic Data Processing Structural Mechanics

Computational Grids – Connecting Number of HPC Sites Future Developments Computational Grids – Connecting Number of HPC Sites IGrid – A Project to Link 8 HPC Sites Providing 10 Teraflops of Computing Power and Petabytes of Storage

I Grid

Applications of Biotechnology Agricultural Biotech New crop research- transgenic crops Bio fertilizers Bio – pest control Bio – resource Development i.e. Bio-Diversity Parks Animal Biotech Vaccines for animals Acqua – culture/marine biotech Seri - biotech Medical Biotech New drug discovery- Pharmaceutical biotech Diagnostics Applications Therapeutic Applications Prophylactic biotech

Bio-informatics as a gateway to New Drug Discovery Bio-informatics has been defined as the discipline that generates computational tools, databases, methods & procedures to support ‘genomic’ and ‘post genomic’ research. Bio-informatics has been also described as a graceful blending of computer science and bio-technology. Bio-technology per se is experimentation in-vivo (in real life) and in-vitro (in test tubes); bio-informatics carries the experimentation a step further and makes it in-silico (in silicon / micro chip).

Stupendous size of Genomic Data Genome sequencing taken up for 100 organisms Human Genome has 3.2 billion pairs of DNA sequences Data exploding @ 5000 DNA sequences or 2 million nucleotides/day Refinement, review, reclassification and annotation of the above data Information explosion a challenge to Knowledge Management

Super computational support is required for numerous functions involved in post genomic R&D in-silico-computation and in-silico simulation In silico - drug target identification In silico - drug design (pharmaco – genomics) In silico - toxicity testing In silico modelling

The experimental (left) and computational (right) hierarchies will increasingly become codependent as the research community models greater biological complexity

Current and Expected Sustained Capability Requirements for Major Community Problem Class Sustained Capability 1999 Sustained Capability 2010 Sequence assembly > 1012 flops 1014 flops Binary sequence comparison 1012 flops > 1014 flops Multiple sequence comparison Gene modeling > 1015 flops 1017 flops Phylogeny trees 1011 flops 1013 flops Protein family classification > 1010 flops

EMERGING NODEs OF DRUG DISCOVERY RELATED BIOTECH R&D IITs, CSIR Labs, DBT Labs Private Sector Players (a) Delhi Cluster ICGEB: International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology CBT:Centre for Bio-Chem Technology IIT - Delhi JNU – Jawaharlal Nehru University NII – National Institute of Immunology Spectramind e-services Nicholas Piramal TCG Mascon Global Ltd. (b) Calcutta Cluster Bose Institute ISI: Indian Statistical Institute IICB: Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Deptt. of Biophysics & Molecular Biology Jadavpur University IIT - Khargpur (1) TCG: The Chatterjee Group (c) Bangalore Cluster IISc: Indian Institute of Science IIT – Madras Deptt. of Crystallography & Biophysics – Madras Bio-informatics Centre – Madurai Strand Genomics Metahelix Kshema Technologies (d) Hyderabad Cluster CCMB: Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology CDFD: Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics Satyam Computers TCS: Tata Consultancy Services Shanta Biotech (e) Pune-Bombay Cluster Bio-informatics Centre IIT – Bombay Others Avestha Gengrame Syngene DSQ - Software

India’s Inherent Strengths High international profile of Software industry Vibrant pharmaceutical industry and rapidly emerging bio-tech industry World class network of educational and research institutions Rich Biodiversity Large population having reservoirs of valuable diagnostic and clinical data Known strengths in mathematics, logic and computational skills

Nano World Nanotechnology is concerned with the design and manufacture of molecular scale devices by manipulation and placement of individual atoms and molecules with precision on the atomic scale as opposed to the “top down” fabrication techniques employed in today’s microelectronics technology.

Dimensions in Scale The Nanoworld Head of a pin 1-2 mm Human hair 1 cm 10 mm 10-2 m Head of a pin 1-2 mm 0.1 cm 1 mm 10-3 m 0.1 mm 100 μm 10-4 m Human hair ~ 60-100 m 0.01 mm 10 μm 10-5 m Red blood cells with white cell ~2-5 m 1 μm 1000 nm 10-6 m spectrum Visible 0.1 μm 100 nm 1 nanometer (nm) 100 nanometers 10-7 m The Nanoworld 10-8 m 0.01 mm 10 nm DNA ~2.5 nm width 10-9 m 1 nm Atoms of silicon spacing ~tenths of nm 10-10 m 0.1 nm

Nano Scene Nano materials Nano actuators Nano sensors Nano electronics • Artificial muscle • Nano robot components • Carbon nanotubes Dielectric and ferroelectric Materials • Multifunctional polymers • Bio compatible materials Scalpel, tweezers & Nano tools Nano electronics • Nano - and Micro - pumps • Nano - and Micro - motors • • • • Nano systems This is an over all scheme of things that people are talking about. Many suggestions are in the realm of ‘plausible’. However, most are still in the nature of science fiction but we all believe that we will have the tools to achieve these fantastic possibilities. - Resonant Tunneling Devices - Single Electron Transistors - Quantum well structures - Memories - Logic circuits - IR Detectors - Sensors • • • NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems) Nano-machines and robots Tele-surgery Drug delivery Reconfigurable Systems • • • • •

The Importance of Large Domestic Markets: With a Billion People India is a Latent World Scale Market.

The Emerging Market: Focus of Large Firms, NGOs and Government 5-10 million, Rich Large Firms PPP> $10,000, 50-60 m NGOs, Government PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m PPP $2-3,000, 150 m PPP , $ 2000, 500 m

The Emerging Market: India Traditional and Emerging Focus MNC Business Model 5-10 million, Rich Some MNCs? PPP> $10,000, 50-60 m Local Firms PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m Future Opportunity? PPP $2-3,000, 150 m We can see how most MNCs have positioned themselves, exclusively at the top of the pyramid, with only a few seeking to tap into the emerging markets. 195 out of 200 MNCs originated in the developed world, not surprising that their image is restricted. Most wait until GDP per capita reaches $10K PPP Asian financial crisis has only reinforced this conservative approach Most of these have precisely failed because they have used the same business model they use at the apex of the pyramid, and because they often run into established local firms. PPP > $ 2000, 500 m

The Poor Have Purchasing Power What Durables Do they Own ? Slums Chawls Others Average Number Owned 5.4 6.5 8.7 Basic Kitchen Durables - Gas Stove - Pressure Cooker - Mixer 56 74 74 70 89 81 82 88 85 Conveniences - Fridge - Toaster - Washing Machine - Kitchen Sink - Telephone - Two Wheeler 24 1 2 3 21 0 38 2 10 8 27 4 60 18 26 31 55 13 Entertainment - TV - B/W - TV – Color - Cable (local) - 2 – in - 1 43 47 65 35 25 67 71 43 16 79 73 48

DIGITAL DIVIDE RESEARCH THEMES Focus on technologies that are: Relevant High impact Pervasive Cutting edge Cost-effective Replicable Scalable World Computer An information technology device that can be used by anyone, irrespective of wealth, education or infrastructure availability Low cost Minimal infrastructure operations Usable by illiterates Digital Village Integration of the research Allow villagers to express themselves Manage costs and finances Bits for All Link organic, affordable information devices (and therefore people) in a cost-effective manner Tomorrow’s Tools Devices to connect the digital to the real world

PROJECTS UNDERWAY World Computer Rural OS Speech Interfaces Visual Language Interfaces for All Interlingua Web Literacy Learning thru Pictures Low cost computing New Projects Underway Ca:sh Rural Hisaab Mapping for the Masses SARI Digital Village Tomorrow’s Tools Digital Craft Revival Digital Music Infosculpture Suchik Polysensors Complex RF Imp Analysers UV-VIS Spectrometer Powersensors ThinkCycle BRICS Semantic Legacy document Resistive interfaces Voice biometrics Bits for All Rural WiFi DakNet Digital Gangetic Plain Off-line Internet Access Rural VOIP Ad hoc networks Efficient networks SACs Community Connection Grassroots ICT Digital Mandi Infothela

DIGITAL DIVIDE PROJECTS CONTINUED Digital Village Applications & Services eGovernance & Education Economic Development Health & Agriculture Communications & Content Census SARI ca:sh Baatchit Interlingua Web Digital Mandi UV-VIS Spectrometer Rural VOIP & VMOIP Suchik Rural Fab Lab PolySensors Infothela Tomorrow’s Tools Interfaces, Sensors, & Tools Numeric Interfaces Power Sensors Gram Chitra World Computer OS, Languages & Access Devices Rural OS 1.0 Multi-Literate Interfaces iPAQ Simputer Bits For All Communications Infrastructure 802.rural DakNet Rural p2p Meshes

BITS FOR ALL: 802.RURAL (AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATIONS) DakNet Last-mile “seed” infrastructure Store-and-forward wireless networking for rural connectivity Mobile Access Points can be mounted on buses, mopeds… High-bandwidth (supports voice and data transmission) Pilot testing underway Last-20 mile solution Antennas, repeaters, and multihop networking provide long-range broadband infrastructure Experimental 802.11b Network connecting the Kanpur-Lucknow corridor (achieved more than 4Mb/s) Rural Multihop Ubiquitous broadband coverage Innovative routing algorithms enable mesh peer-to-peer networking ML Asia uniquely positioned to lead in R&D efforts Rural p2p Meshes

TOMORROW’S TOOLS: GRAM CHITRA (E-GOVERNANCE PLATFORM, NATIONAL SECURITY) Low-cost GPS/GIS platform on handheld computers empowering villagers to create local maps Applications include: Census data collection Educating schoolchildren on mapping Automating land records Epidemiological data collection for infectious diseases Forestry management Disaster management planning GPS.Everywhere

AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATION – E-GOVERNANCE VALUE EXAMPLES Rural Wi-Fi GIS CA:SH Empowers village women, children to automatically create maps, collect info Enables quality state government decision- making Enables high quality census data collection from grassroots National ID card program Defence/security applications Water quality and medical extension Tests, demonstrates lower cost rural connectivity with telecom features Enables villages to receive apps, e- governance services along the rural communications wireless trunk Enables a new breed of apps, services to villages not typically connected by advanced communications Enables mobile data collection, monitoring & medical services in the midst of rural communities Expands coverage significantly of delivering & monitoring rural healthcare, esp to women & children Quality Information for decision-making Quick tracking of disease patterns in rural communities AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATION – E-GOVERNANCE

DIGITAL VILLAGE: INFOTHELA (E-GOVERNANCE) “Information or e-Governance Cart” for providing and exchanging information Pedal driven vehicle outfitted with a PC on connected via wireless technology Pedaling charges battery pack Accommodates diagnostic equipments (e.g. blood pressure testing machine) Mobile platform for bringing ICTs directly to the user

The Dynamics of BOP Markets: The Poorest Live in Highest Cost Sub Economies They have Purchasing Power Significant % of Poor are Geographically Concentrated The Rural/Urban Economic Divide is a Myth The Poor Accept New Technologies There is a Significant Multiplier Effect to Infrastructure Investments among the Poor Women are Key to Developing these Markets

We Need to go Beyond Quality: Scale and Geographic Scope USA, Europe, Japan S.Korea, Taiwan Finland Switzerland World Scale Domestic Market China India China India, Brazil Small Domestic Market Local Firms Global Firms

Emerging Markets as the Test Bed of Innovation: Criteria Scale of Operations 800 million Indian Consumers 4500 million Global Consumers New Price-Perf. Levels Sustainable Development To tap the opportunity at the bottom, it will require that MNCs adopt a completely new business model, one based on the above four criteria Innovative High Tech. Solutions

INDIA HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR BECOMING ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND THE MOSTINNOVATIVE MARKET FOR…. Cement Processed Food Confectionary Footwear Textiles Two Wheelers TVs Wireless Devices Public Transportation Waste Management 11. Water 12. Primary Health 13. Hospitality 14. Retailing 15. Agri Inputs 16. Desert Farming 17. Adult Education 18. Art Restoration 19. Solar Power 20. Refrigeration

Thank You 35