1. Mobile Computing and Commerce And Pervasive Computing
Chapter 9
Mobile Computing and Commerce
And Pervasive Computing

2. Learning Objectives
Describe the mobile computing environment that supports m-commerce (i.e., devices, software, services).
Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications networks.
Define mobile commerce and understand its relationship to e-commerce.
Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and fundamental drivers of m-commerce.
Discuss m-commerce applications in finance, shopping, advertising, and provision of content.

3. Learning Objectives
Discuss the application of m-commerce within organizations.
Understand B2B and supply chain management applications of m-commerce.
Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce.
Understand the technologies and potential application of location-based m-commerce.
Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m-commerce.
Discuss the key characteristics and current uses of pervasive computing.

4. Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services
Mobile computing refers to a computing paradigm designed for workers who travel outside the boundaries of their organizations or anyone on the move.

5. Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services
Exhibit 9.1

6. Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
The Wireless Application Protocol is a suite of network protocols designed to enable different kinds of wireless devices to access WAP-readable files on an Internet -connected Web server.

7. Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services
9.3

8. Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services
Synchronization,
the exchange of updated information with other computing devices, is a requirement of any mobile computing device that stores data.

9. Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services
Micropayments
Micropayments,which are electronic payments for small -purchase amounts, generally less than $10,have not become widespread in EC,at least in part because of the relatively high cost of conducting such transactions.
Location-Based Services
global positioning system (GPS)
A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth.

10. Wireless Telecommunications Networks
personal area network (PAN)
A PAN is suitable for mobile users who need to make very short-range device-to-device wireless connections within a small space,typically a single room.
Bluetooth
A set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances.

11. Wireless Telecommunications Networks
wireless local area network and Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
Wi-Fi: The common name used to describe the IEEE standard used on most WLANs.

12. Wireless Telecommunications Networks
802.11b
The most popular Wi-Fi standard; it is inexpensive and offers sufficient speed for most devices; however, interference can be a problem.
802.11a
This Wi-Fi standard is faster than b but has a smaller range.
802.11g
This fast but expensive Wi-Fi standard is mostly used in businesses.

13. Wireless Telecommunications Networks
EXHIBIT How Wi-Fi Works

14. Wireless Telecommunications Networks
WWAN Communication Protocols
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

15. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers
Mobile commerce (m-commerce,
m-business) , includes any business activity conducted over a wireless telecommunications network.

16. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers
Attributes of m-commerce
Generally speaking,many of the EC applications described in this book also apply to m-commerce.Auction sites are starting to use m-commerce, and wireless collaborative commerce in B2B EC is emerging.The major attributes described next offer the opportunity for development of new applications that are possible only in the mobile environment.
Ubiquity
Convenience
Interactivity
Personalization
Localization

17. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers
exhibit 9.7

18. Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers
DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE
Widespread availability of more powerful mobile devices
The handset culture
The service economy
Vendors’ push
The mobile workforce
Increased mobility
Improved price and performance
Improvement of bandwidth

19. Mobile Financial Applications
exhibit 9.8

20. Mobile Financial Applications
Wireless electronic payment systems
Wireless wallets
Wireless bill payments

21. Mobile Shopping, Advertising, and Content Provision
WIRELESS SHOPPING
MOBILE AND TARGETED ADVERTISING
Mobile portal
A customer access and interaction channel, optimized for mobility, that aggregates and provides content to and services for mobile users.

22. Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain
SUPPORT OF MOBILE EMPLOYEES
Mobile Office
Sales Force Mobilization and Automation
Worker Support in Retailing
Support in Operations
Tracking Employees
Job Dispatch
Maintenance and Repair at Remote Sites
Wearable Devices

23. Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain
SUPPORTING OTHER TYPES OF WORK
CUSTOMER AND PARTNER SUPPORT
NON-INTERNET ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS
B2B M-COMMERCE AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

24. Mobile Consumer And Personal Service Applications
MOBILE ENTERTAINMENT
WIRELESS TELEMEDICINE

25. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
Location-based m-commerce
Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location, at a specific time.

26. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
THE TECHNOLOGY FOR
L-COMMERCE
Global Positioning System
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND GPS
Geographical information system (GIS)
A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically referenced (spatial) information.
GPS/GIS Applications

27. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
Five key factors for services provided :
Location
Navigation
Tracking
Mapping
Timing

28. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
LOCATION-BASED ADVERTISING
Emergency response cell phone calls
Telematics and Telemetry applications
telematics,the integration of computers and wireless communications to improve information flow using the principles of telemetry.
OTHER APPLICATIONS OF LOCATION-BASED SYSTEMS

29. Location-Based Mobile Commerce
BARRIERS TO LOCATION-BASED M-COMMERCE
Accuracy of devices
The cost-benefit justification
Limited network bandwidth
Invasion of privacy

30. Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce
M-COMMERCE SECURITY ISSUES
Malicious Code、transaction security、Wireless communication、 Physical security of mobile devices、Ease of use and poor security、security measures

31. Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce
TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS TO M-COMMERCE
Technical Limitations of Mobile Computing
Insufficient bandwidth
Security standards
Power consumption
Transmission interferences
GPS accuracy
WAP limitations
Potential health hazards
Human–computer interface
Complexity

32. Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce
Ethical,legal,and health issues in m-commerce
Barriers for enterprise mobile computing
Project failures in m-commerce

33. Pervasive Computing
Pervasive computing is invisible, everywhere computing;it is computing capabilities being embedded into the objects around us.
Radio frequency identification(RFID)
A number of pervasive computing initiatives are underway that hold substantial promise for the future of EC and m-commerce and that have the substantial financial backing that will be needed for commercial success.

34. Pervasive Computing
RFID technology uses radio waves to identify items. An RFID system consists of (1) an RFID tag that includes an antenna and a chip with information about the item and (2)an RFID reader that contains a radio transmitter and receiver.

35. Pervasive Computing
Exhibit How RFID Works

36. Pervasive Computing
RFID technology is already being used for a variety of purposes:
Track moving vehicles; Track people; Track individual items; Protect secure areas; Record transactions.

37. Pervasive Computing SMART APPLICATIONS: HOMES, CARS, AND MORE
Pervasive computing , with its tiny devices and tags, including RFID tags,is the key to many applications.
Smart Homes
Smart cars
Sensor Networks