2. The impact of technological change  Tech change may involve new products, improvement or cost reductions for existing products or better ways of managing the operations of a business.  Electronic co. must be competitive in using the new digital technologies for their audio and video equipment. Automobiles manufacturers survive only if they keep cost down by using advanced robotics for assembly.

3. Requirement for successful innovation  Innovation involves developing useful products. Diffusion is the process whereby new product become widely available  Often the key to successful product innovation can be marketing and the ability to provide service. Profitable process innovation involves secrecy and being able to exploit economies of scale  Innovation is more likely to be successful if the firm stays with in its core competencies

4.  For ex. RC Cola was the first company to sell cola drinks in a can and also the first to introduce a diet cola, but Coca-Cola and Pepsi- Cola responded so quickly that the smaller firm never gained any significant advantage from it’s innovation.

5. Locating the Firm in a Global Economy: introduction  Locating a business in right place is important because the cost of moving output and people across space is significant.  For ex. The best site for a retail store generally is one that is in close proximity to a large no. of people who are the potential customer of the store.

6. Locating the firm in global economy  Many large U.S. and foreign firms now produce and sell a significant share of their output in other countries. This is accomplished by setting up subsidiaries in foreign countries, entering into joint ventures with producers in those countries, or by licensing foreign firms to produce and market their products.

7. Selecting an industrial location Primary location factor:  Labor  Energy resources  Transportation  Proximity to market for output  Government regulation  Raw material availability Secondary location factor:  Physical environment  State & local government attitude & policy

8. Ranking industrial location determinants Percentage of Executives surveyed location factors who rated these factors according to importance Geographic location64 Availability of transportation54 Stable state govt.38 Skilled Labor availability32 Raw material availability28 Tax exemptions27 Unskilled labor availability22 Water supply17 Availability of rail transportation16 {Source: M.L. Goldstein, “choosing the Right Site”, Industry Week (Apr.16, 1985)}

9. IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ON AUTOMOBILE SECTOR

10.  Maruti Suzuki India ltd. Is a publicly listed automaker in India. It is a leading four-wheeler automobile manufacturer in south Asia. Suzuki motor corporation of Japan holds a majority stake in the company. Maruti Suzuki Plant in Gurgaon

11. Technological changes:  Authorized service stations:  Maruti insurance:  Maruti finance:  Maruti true value:  N2N fleet management:  Accessories:  Maruti Driving School:  Maruti Exports: Maruti suzuki has helped india emerge as the fourth largest exporter of automobiles in asia

12. IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE  Genetically modified crops  Agricultural equipment. ( Harrow and cultivators)  Cheaper solar energy  Fertilizer(Urea and DAP)  Tractor and other machineries.(15 hp- 45 hp)  E- CHAUPAL

13. E-CHAUPAL  ITC has originated the E-CHAUPAL for rural marketing in 2000. It is started in villages of soya bean farmers in Madhya Pradesh. It’s services are:-  Relevant & Real-time Information  Commodity prices, Local Weather News  Customized Knowledge  Farm Management, Risk Management  Supply Chain for Farm Inputs  Direct Marketing Channel for Farm Produce  Lower Transaction Costs, Better Value through Traceability