Class Range – 36%-85% Class Average- 65% Exam Feedback Class Range – 36%-85% Class Average- 65%
Explain the impact of each of the following social and cultural factors in the development and spread of rational recreation during the 19th century. Urbanisation Public Provisions Communications 7 Marks
Define Key Words in the question Rational Recreation- any description of rational recreation would get you a mark e.g. codified/written down rules/ spectator based/ began with middle classes/opposite of popular recreation Urbanisation Lack of space = limited mob games due to lack of space therefore new sports developed Need for masses to be occupied / social control / more free time (Saturday half day) and money = spectator sport / increase in spectators Factory teams led to more regular completion / leagues set up
Public Provision Government Acts / local authority provision = provision of baths and parks Baths and Parks = improved health and hygiene of working class Middle class banned mob games and approved developed certain games to get social control Communications Media/Newspapers- raised awareness of sport therefore increasing participation and spectatorship / role models Railways/transport – could travel to away fixtures / spectators could travel with team / spread of ideals nationally and globally
Explain why elite performers should consider the nature of a sponsor and their products before accepting a sponsorship deal (3 marks)
The performer is a role model to others Therefore have a social duty to others / human rights / unethical manufacturing of goods Example – if sponsored by unhealthy product e.g. alcohol/cigarette/fast food company this could influence children May endanger future commercial support Bring criticism to performer Getting sponsor with the best benefits- one offer may be better than another Sponsor has a high level of control over the athlete / commitment /expectations e.g. public appearances Make sure it won’t hinder performance
Explain how the middle classes supported the developments in sport during the 19th century (3 marks) Development of rules / rational recreation / codification Via Public schools/universities/NGBs Development of leagues/ competitions via public schools/ universities/ NGBs/ Factory Teams /teams Development of facilities /parks/ public baths / via factory owners / church/ public schools/ Government / Government acts Controlled sport Via clubs/NGBs/Leadership roles Development of morals/values through muscular Christianity / Sportsmanship Provided more leisure time / Saturday half day Provided better income New sports created at universities Amateur and gentleman amateur due to having time/money to play for the love of the sport
Discuss the suggestion that funding should be equal for all sports and not based on performance at major championships (4 marks) Agree Disagree Equal so all sports can develop/increase chance of success/make it fair Promotes less popular sport Widens participation/foundation levels of pyramid / increase grass roots Provides alternative options for sports Everyone has the right to have the opportunity to improve in their sport London Olympic Legacy should be encouraged across all sports Limited funds so needs to be used effectively- not enough for everyone to get the amount they need Better to increase chances of winning medals in target sports/tax payers get value for money / reward for successful sports Encourages sports to invest money correctly Encourages sporting organisations to work together and share resources Funding is a privilege not a right
Explain the social Factors and the support programmes in the UK that encourage the development of elite athletes and increase the chance of winning medals (6 marks)
Social factors Support programmes Parental / peer support Equal opportunities / anti – discrimination Socio-economic status of sport / social class Funding- private or scholarships Access to clubs School/ university experience National lottery- funding Co-ordinated approach of NGBs/ Sport England / Sports Aid/ BOA / Sports Coach UK/ Institutes of sport) High quality facilities High quality coaching Talent identification programmes / Examples of TIP Structured competition – layered/county Sports medicine/physiotherapy World class performance pathway Performance Lifestyle Talented Athlete Scholarship Scheme - TASS
Suggest reasons why the international Olympic committee has allowed professional persons to compete at the Olympic games in recent years (3)
Many traditional amateur sports are now professional Blurring of amateur and professional status in many sport/ difficult to differentiate between the two Olympic ideal maintained / still playing by correct ethics No prize or appearance money awarded by the Olympic committee Higher standard competition More spectators / media interest Higher levels of income/ media rights / ticket prices Increase role models therefore increase participation