1. 3. Health of a Nation

2. Barriers to Participation
Contents
Mass Participation
Participation Pyramid
Organisations in Mass Participation
Participation initiatives
Whole Sport Plans
Barriers to Participation
Gender
Race and religion
Disability
Social Class
Age

3. Mass Participation
“Opportunity, provision and esteem to take part in any sporting event you wish to”
Opportunity
Time, money and attitudes of friends & family
Provision
Availability of facilities. Equipment, coaching and appropriate activities (Tangible)
Esteem
Self confidence to take part and perceptions of others
Low expectations and under achievement from specific groups

4. Performance Pyramid Excellence Performance Participation Foundation
Early development of physical competence
Commitment of time to an activity
Significant move towards organised sport
National training squads
Large base due to lots of opportunities for mass participation
Low-level competitions and coaching
County/high level club or above
Reaching top level of their sport
Very little coaching
Talent scouts and club coaching
Regular training and coaching- desire to win
Highest level of coaching/facilities etc.

5. Organisations in Mass Participation
NGBs
They are required to open their sport to all sections of society, including the grass roots level…
- Develop policies linked to specific target groups (e.g. disabled or ethnic minorities)
- Training more sport-specific coaches
- Develop mini or modified versions of the games to encourage all ability (e.g. Short tennis)
- Making facilities more accessible, affordable and attractive (Grass roots and inner cities)
- Improving awareness of sport through publicity, advertising and role models
Sport England (Community)
“Creating an active nation through sport”
Start- improve participation levels annually by 1% (specifically in target groups)
Stay- retain people in sport, increasing club memberships and numbers receiving coaching
Succeed- become the ‘best’ nation for participation by 2020
Youth Sports Trust
“Improving the lives of young people using the power of sport”
Key organisation in development of school sport
Works with a range of partners including Sport England and Sports leaders UK

6. Participation Initiatives
You will need to be aware of contemporary initiatives happening from the various organisations. The best way to do this is to check their websites for updates…
Towards an Active nation
Club Matters
Active ageing
Tackling economic disadvantage
Sport for disabled people
Be inspired

7. Accountability for the NGBs
Whole Sport Plans
Contract between Sport England and each of the 46 funded NGBs
Tasked with delivery of increased participation for young people under 16.
60% of NGB funding focused on the year old age group.
To be eligible for Whole Sport Plan funding NGBs must…
Meet high standards of governance
Meet high standard of financial control.
Publish all funding in line with government transparency.
Accountability for the NGBs

8. Barriers to Participation
In an ideal world, everyone will have the opportunity to take part in any sport as often as they like. However, reality doesn’t always match this…
Prejudice- forming an unfavourable opinion before meeting an individual often based on inadequate facts.
Discrimination- unfair treatment of a group based on a prejudice view
Stereotyping- Simplistic generalisations about a group which encourages others to categorise people and treat them accordingly
Social Exclusion- Certain sections of society are left out of the mainstream; occurs when there are a range of linked problems e.g. unemployment, low income and poor housing
Inclusive sport- All people have the right to equal opportunities according to their specific needs. Activities may be adapted accordingly

9. Gender
Not all women want to participate, however issues arise when they are denied freedom to chose.
Barriers
Solutions
Stereotypical myths
Physical activity can damaged femininity
Social acceptance of female independence
Women are not aggressive
Increased media coverage and role models
Less media coverage
Stereotypical myths refuted through education.
Fewer role-models and sponsorship opportunities
Increased number of female coaches and officials
Lower prize money
More clubs to join and competitions to play in
Negative effects of school PE policy
Childcare offered at leisure centres.
Kit
Women’s Sport Foundation promote benefits of participation.
Lack of choice
“This Girl Can” campaign
Lack of time- work or family commitments
Lack of disposable income
Fewer female coaches and officials
This Girl Can

10. Race and religion
People are pigeon-holed to certain sports or positions based on ethnicity rather than interest or ability
American football- Black players normally a running back not a quarter back
Barriers
Conflict with religious observances
Higher value placed on education (less support from family)
Fewer role models (especially coaches)
Low self esteem and fear of rejection
Racist abuse
Solutions
Training more PE teachers and coaches from ethnic minorities
Educating as to the effects of stereotyping
Ensuring single sex provision for Muslim women
Publicising and severely punishing racist abuse
Organising campaigns (Kick it out)
Making provision in PE programmes (Relaxing dress code and showering rules)

11. Disability
Society continues to discriminate against, and impose barriers on, disabled people’s participation in physical activity
Barriers
Myths and stereotypes
Lack of specialist coaches
Negative self image and lack of confidence
Lack of specialist equipment
Low income levels- ¾ rely on benefits
Fewer competitive opportunities
Lack of transport
Low levels of media coverage and role models
Solutions
Educate people about myths (challenge attitude)
Provide transport to facilities
Increased number of competitions at all levels
Provide opportunities for success
Increased media coverage
Increased investment in disabled sport

12. Social Class
Traditionally there has always been division of British society into social classes.
Based on power- Wealthy controlling the poor.
Sport reflects society, so this was mirrored in sport.
Think back to “Emergence of Modern day sport”
Today there are traditions where certain group’s try to maintain their class identity through sport.
Sports involving horses still have an upper class association
Certain games are popular among middle class and working class groups.
None of these activities are exclusive to specific groups of people, but due to stereotypes, prejudices, wealth and esteem the divides remain in today’s society.

13. Age Giving children every opportunity to participate in sport…
Foundation level with initiatives in school and local community
Elderly given increased opportunities and self esteem encouraged…
Masters or Veterans competitions to still allow elite level performance Masters Hockey
Adaptations to Games- Walking Football
Access to sports centres and recreational facilities
Free or at low cost at non-peak times
Encouraged into “life-long” activities
Swimming
Tennis
Badminton