Demography and Population Change

Malthusian theory Growth Of population and its impact on Society Three factors would control human population that exceeded the earth’s carrying capacity, or how many people can live in a given area considering the amount of available resources.

Population growth and resources

Malthusian theory Positive Checks War Famine Disease Preventive Checks Birth control Celibacy

What are negative consequences of population growth? Food supply and social unrest What should be the solution Zero population growth

Demography and population growth Between 2011 and 2012, we reached a population milestone of 7 billion humans on the earth’s surface. In short, the planet is filling up. How quickly will we go from 7 billion to 8 billion? World population milestones in billions Population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Year 1804 1927 1959 1974 1987 1999 2011 2026 2042 Years elapsed –– 123 32 15 13 12 16

How will that population be distributed? Where is population the highest? Where is it slowing down? Where will people live? To explore these questions, we turn to demography, or the study of populations. Three of the most important components that affect the issues above are fertility, mortality, and migration.

Demography The fertility rate of a society is a measure noting the number of children born. Sociologists measure fertility using the crude birthrate (the number of live births per 1,000 people per year) Mortality rate is a measure of the number of people who die. The crude death rate is a number derived from the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.

Population Composition

Demography Another key element in studying populations is the movement of people into and out of an area. Migration may take the form of immigration, which describes movement into an area to take up permanent residence, or emigration, which refers to movement out of an area to another place of permanent residence.

The 2014 Child Migration Crisis Unaccompanied Minors Refugees How should we respond? What impact it has on society?

Demography – Urbanization Urbanization is the study of the social, political, and economic relationships in cities, and someone specializing in urban sociology studies those relationships. In some ways, cities can be microcosms of universal human behavior, while in others they provide a unique environment that yields its own brand of human behavior.

US - Urbanization

Growth of cities and suburbs Suburbs are the communities surrounding cities, typically close enough for a daily commute in, but far enough away to allow for more space than city living affords Exurbs, communities that exist outside the ring of suburbs and are typically populated by even wealthier families who want more space and have the resources to lengthen their commute. Together, the suburbs, exurbs, and metropolitan areas all combine to form a metropolis.

Suburban Life - Issues In the United States, white flight refers to the migration of economically secure white people from racially mixed urban areas and toward the suburbs. Why do you think this happened? What is the future of cities?

RANK COUNTRY (OR DEPENDENT TERRITORY) POPULATION DATE 1 China 1,387,500,000 November 14, 2017 2 India 1,323,890,000 3 United States 326,105,000 4 Indonesia 263,377,000 July 1, 2017