1. Sociology: Population Change

2. Overview SEGMENT 1: Measuring Population Change
SEGMENT 2: Population Dynamics
SEGMENT 3: Urbanization

3. Measuring Population Change
SEGMENT 1

4. Measuring Population Change
Demographic Variables – three ways to measure population growth
Fertility – the number of children a women actually bears
Mortality – annual deaths per 1,000 people
Migration – the Net migration rate is the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants

5. Measuring Population Change

6. Measuring Population Change

7. Measuring Population Change

8. Measuring Population Change

9. Measuring Population Change

10. Measuring Population Change

11. Measuring Population Change

12. Population Dynamics
SEGMENT 2

13. Population Dynamics
Population Growth Equation Growth rate = (#)Migrants+(#)Births – (#)Deaths Current Population Exercise Migrants = 11 Births = 43 Deaths= 24 Current Population = 3000 Growth Rate = .

14. Population Dynamics

15. Population Dynamics
Thomas Malthus, an English Economist, believed that the population will grow geometrically while the food supply grows arithmetically (Thomas Theorem)
The population will eventually outstrip the food supply
New Malthusians – The world’s population is following an exponential growth curve
Eventually, there will not be enough food to feed the rapidly growing population

16. Population Dynamics
Anti-Malthusians believe that “demographic transition” is a more accurate picture of the future
Stage 1- Birth rates and death rates are balanced
Stage 2 – Births far outnumber deaths (population explosion
Stage 3 – Births drop, and births and deaths become balanced
Stage 4 – Deaths outnumber births (population shrinkage)
Population decline is already occurring in over 65 countries

17. Population Dynamics
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Figure The Demographic Transition Note: The standard demographic transition is depicted by Stages 1–3. Stage 4 has been suggested by some Anti-Malthusians.

18. URBANIZATION
SEGMENT 3

19. URBANIZATION
Urbanization refers to masses of people moving to the cities
77 % of the population in the industrialized world lives in cities
Cities can be defined as
Metropolis – Central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs
Megalopolis – Two metropolises and their many suburbs
Megacity – A City with 10 million residents

20. URBANIZATION

21. URBANIZATION
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Figure Urban Growth and Urban Flight

22. URBANIZATION
The Concentric Zone Model – Ernest Burgess – cities expand outward from its center – 5 zones
The Sector Model – Homer Hoyt – a concentric zone can contain several sectors
The Multiple-Nuclei Model – Harris and Ullman – some cities have several centers (i.e. fast food restaurants and clothing stores)

23. URBANIZATION

24. URBANIZATION
From Country to City – In 1790 only 5 % of Americans lived in cities; today it is 79 %
From City to City – six of the fastest growing cities are in the West and 4 are in the South
From City to Suburb – Suburbanization – Today, over 50 % of Americans live in Suburbs– why?

25. URBANIZATION

26. URBANIZATION

27. RECAP SEGMENT 1: Measuring Population Change
SEGMENT 2: Population Dynamics
SEGMENT 3: Urbanization