Chapter 3 Study Guide answers The chapter 3 Test is open note All notes are online and students have been instructed to come in during break if they missed notes

What is the name of the introduction to the constitution?   An agreement in which each side agrees to give up something to get something more important: Compromise What is the name of the introduction to the constitution? Preamble What are the first ten amendments of the Constitution called? Bill of Rights

Define concurrent powers and provide at least two examples Powers shared by the states and federal government. Example: establish courts, enforce laws, collect taxes, borrow money, provide for general welfare Define enumerated powers and provide at least two examples Powers directly granted to the national government by the Constitution examples: coin money, maintain army and navy, declare war, regulate trade between states and with foreign nations, carry out all expressed powers Define reserved powers and provide at least two examples Powers the Constitution does not give to the federal government, those set aside for the states. Examples: regular trade within a state, protect public welfare and safety, conduct elections, establish local governments

How many total amendments are there? 27 What did the Antifederalist want included in the Constitution because they felt it would protect individual liberties? Bill or Rights Which article of the Constitution sets up the judicial branch of government? Article III What article established the legislative branch? Article I What article created the executive branch? Article II

Who were the federalists? What is the Electoral College? Those who supported the Constitution What is the Electoral College? A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president What did the Anti-federalist believe? The constitution would take away the rights they won during the revolutionary war, they wanted a Bill of Rights included to protect individuals freedoms and liberties from the government

What is the purpose of the articles in the Constitution? They are the main parts, there are seven of them. They set up the powers and responsibilities of each branch of government as well as other parts of our government What is the purpose of the preamble in the Constitution? States the purposes and goals of the constitution What is the necessary and proper clause? It allows Congress to use powers not directly listed in the Constitution so they can make any laws that are necessary and proper for it to do its duty

What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? What was the original purpose of the framers meeting at the Constitutional convention? To revise the Articles of Confederation What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Lack of power and money, lack of central power, rules were too rigid Where in the Constitution are the three branches of government described? The articles (specifically articles I-III

Why was the Confederation Congress limited? Colonist didn’t want them to have to much power like the British king had- they wanted to make sure the people kept their freedom and liberties Which state did not participate in the Constitutional Convention? Rhode Island became their leaders opposed a stronger central government How many states had to ratify the constitution for it to become the law of the land? 9

What were the federalist papers? When did all states ratify the constitution-making the USA one nation (what year?) 1790 after Rhoads Island ratified it What were the federalist papers? A series of essays written to defend the Constitution Who were federalists? (What specific people?) People who supported the constitution, they reminded people of the weaknesses of the Articles and argued US could not survive without a strong national government. Strong supporters were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

Who has the final authority for interpreting the Constitution? What does it mean if someone has a loose interpretation of the constitution? What about a strict interpretation? Loose: Congress can create the laws and use powers that are necessary for Congress to do its job Strict: congress can only have the powers that are directly listed in the constitution Who has the final authority for interpreting the Constitution? Supreme Court What information does the Preamble provide? The reasons and purpose for the Constitution. Which are to create a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and secure blessings to our self and our posterity

According to the Preamble, who created the Constitution? The people

What are the five principles of the US government? EXPLAIN THEM Federalism: the idea that power is shared between the national and state governments in creating a federal system the writers of the Constitution divided the powers of government into three types-enumerated, reserved, concurrent Checks and Balances: a system in which each branch of government is able to check the power of the others, this checked unlimited authority Separation of Powers: the split of authority among the legislative executive, and judicial branches of government. This kept any one person or group from becoming to powerful because it set limits of power. Each branch had different tasks. This was influenced by Baron de Montesquieu Rule of Law and Limited Government: limited government is when a government can only do what people allow it to do. This kept the government from being too strong and kept the people in charge. Rule of law: the principle that the law applies to everyone even those who govern. This makes it so that no one can break the law which prevents tyranny by the government and protects the peoples liberties Popular sovereignty: the idea that power lies with the people. The constitution includes several parts that protect sovereignty of the people including the idea that people can vote for elected leaders, citizens decide who will present them in congress. The electoral college chooses the president, voters can reject and replace representatives who serve their poorly

Describe the role of each branch of government and at least one example of how they can all check each other Executive Branch: Law enforcing branch. They can check the legislative branch by vetoing laws and they can check the judicial branch by appointing judges Legislative Branch: law making branch: they can check the executive branch by impeaching presidents, overriding a veto, rejecting appointments, refusing to approve treaties and they can check the judicial branch by impeaching judges and rejecting appointment of judges The Judicial Branch: interprets the laws. It can check the executive branch by declaring presidential actions unconstitutional and it can check the legislative branch by declaring legislature unconstitutional

What is a form of government in which power is divided between the federal government and the states? Federalism What was the anti-federalist argument against ratifying the Constitution They believed the new Constitution would destroy the liberties won in the American Revolution. They believed the new Constitution would create a national government so powerful that it would ignore the rights of the states

What was the federalist argument for ratifying the Constitution They believed the Articles of Confederation were weak and the US could not survive without a strong national government. They wanted a strong national government to protect property rights. They also felt a strong national government could solve the countries problems at home and overseas. They also supported the Constiutiton because it would create a system of federalism What was the main reason the Federalist wanted to replace the Articles of Confederation? They wanted a strong national government Why did the authors of the Articles of Confederation create a weak central government? They did not want to repeat what happened with Great Britain and have a strong government that suppressed their rights

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