1. Major Principles of the Constitution

2. Popular Sovereignty Idea that power of government lies with the people
Popular = population, public, people
Sovereignty = the right to rule
In Preamble: “We the People”
How do we show popular sovereignty?
In what other American document do we see this?

3. Rule of Law Principle of limited government
No one is above the law (including government!)

4. Separation of Powers
Government divided into 3 branches with separate powers/ duties
Legislative  led by Congress  make laws
Executive  led by President  enforce laws
Judicial  led by Supreme Court  interpret laws
Which Enlightenment philosopher was a big proponent of this idea?

5. Checks and Balances
Each branch can check (limit) the powers of the others
Prevent one branch from becoming too powerful
Examples?

6. Checks and Balances Executive Branch can… Legislative Branch can…
Appoint judges
Veto legislation
Legislative Branch can…
Impeach president; override veto; reject appointments; refuse to approve treaties
Impeach judges; reject appointment of judges
Judicial Branch can…
Declare acts of legislature unconstitutional
Declare presidential actions unconstitutional

7. Federalism Power is shared between the national and state governments
3 types of powers:
Expressed/ Enumerated/ Delegated Powers
Concurrent Powers
Reserved Powers

8. Expressed Powers (Enumerated/ Delegated)
Powers specifically granted to national government

9. Implied Powers
Necessary and proper clause implied powers: let Congress do things not specifically listed in the Constitution AKA: elastic clause AKA: “necessary and proper” clause Ex: licensing TV stations, regulating air pollution; much of what it does today

10. Concurrent Powers
Powers that both national & state governments have

11. Reserved Powers
Powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government & are kept by the states

12. Judicial Review
Lets Court decide whether law/ prez. action is constitutional

13. The Principal Principle? (28L)
Of the 6 underlying principles of the Constitution, which do you think is most essential for the success of our government? Why? Explain your answer in complete sentences on 19L.

14. Expressed, Reserved, or Concurrent?
By yourself or with someone sitting around you, decide if each of the given powers is an expressed, reserved, or concurrent power.

15. Expressed, Reserved, or Concurrent?
Coin and print money
Conduct foreign affairs
Establish postal system
Govern US territories, admit new states, regulate immigration
Raise & support army
Regulate trade with other countries & among states
Pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out its powers
Establish courts and prisons
Enforce laws
Collect taxes
Borrow money
Provide for the general welfare
Conduct elections
Establish public school system
Establish local governments
Make rules for marriage & divorce
Regulate trade and commerce within the state
Provide for public safety, health, welfare within state