1. Review! Review! Review!
Which system of government creates a weaker central government and a stronger state government?
Which original document created a limited government?
What is the enlightenment idea of social contract?
What did the Anti-federalists demand be added to the Constitution and why?
What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

2. Organization of the U.S. Constitution
EOC Review
Organization of the U.S. Constitution
Ms. Croy
7th Grade Civics

3. Goals
Describe how the U.S. Constitution limits the powers of government through separation of powers and checks and balances
Interpret the intentions of the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution

4. What is the Supremacy Clause?
Section of the U.S. Constitution which says the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land
This means that nothing can go against the Constitution. All state and local laws must be in line with the Constitution.

5. What is the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution?
The first paragraph of the Constitution, which explains our goals and purposes of government

6. What are the goals listed in the Preamble?
Phrase
Meaning
“We the People”
“In order to form a more perfect union”
“Establish Justice”
“Insure Domestic tranquility”
“Provide for the common defense”
“Promote the general welfare”
“secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

7. What are the goals listed in the Preamble?
Phrase
Meaning
“We the People”
The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract
“In order to form a more perfect union”
“Establish Justice”
“Insure Domestic tranquility”
“Provide for the common defense”
“Promote the general welfare”
“secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

8. What are the goals listed in the Preamble?
Phrase
Meaning
“We the People”
The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract
“In order to form a more perfect union”
To join together as a better nation
“Establish Justice”
“Insure Domestic tranquility”
“Provide for the common defense”
“Promote the general welfare”
“secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

9. What are the goals listed in the Preamble?
Phrase
Meaning
“We the People”
The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract
“In order to form a more perfect union”
To join together as a better nation
“Establish Justice”
To create a fair court system
“Insure Domestic tranquility”
“Provide for the common defense”
“Promote the general welfare”
“secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

10. What are the goals listed in the Preamble?
Phrase
Meaning
“We the People”
The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract
“In order to form a more perfect union”
To join together as a better nation
“Establish Justice”
To create a fair court system
“Insure Domestic tranquility”
To have peace in our country
“Provide for the common defense”
“Promote the general welfare”
“secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

11. What are the goals listed in the Preamble?
Phrase
Meaning
“We the People”
The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract
“In order to form a more perfect union”
To join together as a better nation
“Establish Justice”
To create a fair court system
“Insure Domestic tranquility”
To have peace in our country
“Provide for the common defense”
To protect the people with military
“Promote the general welfare”
“secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

12. What are the goals listed in the Preamble?
Phrase
Meaning
“We the People”
The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract
“In order to form a more perfect union”
To join together as a better nation
“Establish Justice”
To create a fair court system
“Insure Domestic tranquility”
To have peace in our country
“Provide for the common defense”
To protect the people with military
“Promote the general welfare”
To keep people safe/prosperous
“secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

13. What are the goals listed in the Preamble?
Phrase
Meaning
“We the People”
The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract
“In order to form a more perfect union”
To join together as a better nation
“Establish Justice”
To create a fair court system
“Insure Domestic tranquility”
To have peace in our country
“Provide for the common defense”
To protect the people with military
“Promote the general welfare”
To keep people safe/prosperous
“secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”
To ensure rights/freedom for the future of our nation

14. How does the Constitution limit the powers of government?
Separation of powers
System in which powers of the national government are divided among three branches. It was created to prevent a tyrannical government
Checks and Balances
System in which each branch of government limits/restricts the powers of the other branches

15. What are the powers divided among the three branches?
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Makes Laws
Enforces Laws
Interprets laws
Coins money
Sends troops
Holds jurisdiction
Regulates commerce
Makes treaties
Declares war
Grants pardons
Congress can also “stretch” the meaning of the Constitution with the Elastic Clause

16. What are the checks and balances of the three branches?
The Executive Branch can:
The Legislative branch can:
The Judicial Branch can:
Check the Legislative by vetoing laws
Check the Executive by overriding a veto
Check the Executive by declaring executive actions unconstitutional
Check the Executive and Legislative by impeachment
Check the Judicial by appointed judges
Check the Legislative by saying a law is unconstitutional
Check the Executive and Legislative by confirming appointments

17. Organization of the U.S. Constitution
SWBAT understand the structure and function of the U.S. Federal government as established by the U.S. Constitution
__________________
Section of the U.S. Constitution which states that the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land, and that federal laws prevail over state laws
The first paragraph of the Constitution, which lists the six goals of government
“We the People”
Phrase in the Preamble which refers to the principle of popular sovereignty. The remaining goals of the preamble mean:
“form a more perfect union” = ___________________________
“establish justice” = __________________________________
“insure domestic tranquility” = ___________________________
“provide for the common defense” = ______________________
“promote the general welfare” = _________________________
“secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity” =
__________________________________________________
Elastic Clause
Section of the U.S. Constitution which allows ________________ to stretch its power
System in which each branch of government can restrict the other branches
Examples of Checks and Balances
______________ can veto bills
______________ can override vetoes
_____________________ can declare laws unconstitutional
______________ must confirm presidential nominations
______________ can impeach the President
_________________
Powers of the national government are divided among three branches of government; concept developed my Baron de Montesquieu
Supremacy Clause
Preamble
Join together as 1 nation
Create a fair court system
Peace in our nation
Protect us with a military
Keep us safe/prosperous
Ensure freedom for the future of our nation
Congress
Checks and Balances
President
Congress
Supreme Court
Congress
Congress
Separation of Powers

18. Read the following passage from The Federalist Papers by James Madison (1788)
“Montesquieu was guided…in saying “There can be no liberty where the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or body” … he did not mean that these departments ought to have NO CONTROL over the acts of each other”
Based on this passage, which constitutional principle does Madison describe?
a. Separation of powers
b. Checks and balances
c. Popular sovereignty
d. Judicial review