Therapy and Treatment

Insight Therapy Designed to help clients understand the causes of their problems. This understanding or insight will then help clients gain greater control over their thoughts, feelings and behaviors

Psychoanalytical Therapy Sigmund Freud Assumes psychological problems are fueled by repressed childhood memories. Its goal is to bring the repressed feelings into conscious awareness so the patient can deal with them.

Psychoanalytical Therapy Free association and Projective Tests to reveal unconscious thoughts Resistance- patients tendency to avoid topics that cause anxiety and pain Transference- transferring unconscious feelings toward one person onto another person (usually the therapist) Psychodynamic Therapy- face to face interactions; shorter commitment than psychoanalytical; therapy focuses on childhood conflicts but not on unconscious conflicts

Cognitive Therapy Believes that faulty thoughts, such as negative self- talk and irrational beliefs, cause psychological problems.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Aaron Beck Focuses on changing faulty thoughts & behaviors

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Albert Ellis Based on the belief that anxiety and depression often stem from irrational and self defeating beliefs Goal is to change distorted thoughts and thereby change maladaptive behavior Tools used: therapist confronts client regarding distorted thoughts & teaches client to replace those thoughts with rational beliefs Tends to be very forceful.

Humanistic Therapy Carl Rogers Believing that people are innately good and motivate to achieve their highest potential instead of viewing human nature as irrational or self-destructive

Insight Therapy Attempting to reduce the inner conflicts that are impeding natural development by increasing the awareness of underlying motives. Focuses more on the present and future than on the past Conscious, not unconscious thoughts

Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Therapy aimed to emphasize the need for clients to fully acknowledge and experience their feelings, thoughts, and to become more self aware and self accepting. Empty-chair technique- patient sit in front of an empty chair and imagines that the person to whom she/he needs to express feelings is in the chair.

Client-Centered Therapy Aka- Person Centered Therapy One of the most used psychotherapies Believed that psychological problems arise when the clients ideal self differs significantly from the client’s real self. Creating a comfortable, non-judgmental environment by demonstrating empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard toward the patient.

Behavioral Therapy Focuses on the problem of behavior itself, rather than on the insights into the behavior underlying cause

Systematic Desensitization Joseph Wolpe An exposure technique that uses principles of classical conditioning to reduce anxiety by slowly exposing the client to the anxiety producing stimulus. Over time, the client anxiety is gone. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Exposure Therapy Exposing the patient to things they fear and avoid. Through repeated exposures anxiety lessons

Flooding Exposing the patient to the thing he/she fears immediately facing it instead of gradually facing it.

Aversion Therapy Uses principles of classical conditioning to create anxiety (opposite of systematic because it is creating not reducing anxiety) The therapist deliberately pairs an unpleasant stimulus with a maladaptive behavior

Token Economy Getting something for good behavior, such as tickets, that can be turned in at a later time for a reward

Modeling Exhibiting the way a person should think, act, deal with in certain situations

Group Therapy Allows clients to try out new behaviors in a safe environment Allows clients to not feel isolated in their feelings (group offers support and feedback)

Family and Marital Therapy A special form of group therapy that allow the problems that clients present with for treatment to be addressed in a larger family setting.

Biomedical Therapy Based on the premise that the symptoms of many psychological disorders involve biological factors, such as chemical imbalances, disturbed nervous system functions, and abnormal brain chemistry. Used drugs and/or brain stimulation to treat

Pharmacology The study of how drugs affect mental processes and behaviors

Antianxiety Drugs (Psychotropic) Designed to reduce anxiety and produce relaxation by lowering sympathetic activity in the brain. Valium Xanax

Antipsychotic Drugs (Neuroleptics/Tranquilizers) Designed to diminish or eliminate positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations, delusions,… Reduce dopamine receptors in the brain Haldol and Thorazine Long term use can lead to Tardive Dyskinesia Movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the tongue, facial muscles, and limbs.

Mood Stabilizing Drugs Designed to treat the combination of manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder Lithium

Antidepressants Designed to treat depression by inhibiting the reuptake of the serotonin. Prozac

Brain Stimulation A method of stimulation of the brain through electrical currents

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Used to treat serious cases of depression Places two electrodes on the outside of the patients head and passes moderate (100 volts) of electrical current through the brain

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) An alternative to ECT that involves placing a pulsating magnetic coil over the prefrontal regions of the brain Treats depression with minimal side effects

Psychosurgery The most dramatic and least used Removes part of the brain tissue to correct psychological issues.