1. Psychological Treatment Styles
AP Psychology
Ms. Nelson

2. 1. Psychodynamic Psychoanalysis Freud’s Theory of Personality
Psychologist helps patient to achieve insight
Conscious awareness of dynamics that underlie their problem
Long buried emotions, motives & conflicts
Adjust behavior to current life situation

3. Free Association Mental events associated with one another
Verbally report, without censorship, any thoughts, feelings, or images that enter their awareness.
Analyst sits out of sight, take notes

4. Dream Interpretation
Dreams express impulses, fantasies & wishes that client’s defenses keep bottled up during waking hours
Search for unconscious connections or materials in dreams

5. Issues Resistance: defense maneuvers that hinder process
Transference: client responds inappropriately to analyst; role in personal history
Interpretation: comments/statements made by analyst to provide client with insight or understanding

6. 2. Humanistic
People capable of consciously controlling actions and take responsibility for behavior
All possess inner resources for self-help
Disordered behavior reflects a blocking of natural growth process
Focus on present and future instead of past

7. Person (Client) Centered Therapy
Unconditional positive regard
Genuinely cares about client
Empathy
Willingness to view through client’s eyes
Genuineness
Consistency between feeling & actions of therapist

8. Gestalt Therapy Frederick S. (Fritz) Perls “Organized Whole”
Perceptual principles through which people organize stimulus elements into whole patterns
Groups using imaginative techniques to get clients “in touch” with their feelings
SNL-Vito

9. 3. Cognitive
Focus on the role of irrational and self-defeating thought patterns.
Discover & change the cognitions that underlie the problem
Thought processes are habitual, well-practiced and ingrained
Might be unaware of negative thoughts or triggers

10. Rational-Emotive Therapy
A. Activating environmental event ↓
B. Beliefs that are activated by A
C. Emotional & behavioral consequences
produced by B
D. Disputing & changing of B (leads back to B)

11. 4. Behavioral
Maladaptive behaviors not just symptoms of a problem, but ARE the problem
Problem behaviors are learned just like regular behaviors
Maladaptive behaviors can be unlearned by using classical conditioning principles

12. Techniques
Aversion Therapy: pair attractive stimulus (CS) with a noxious (USC) to condition
Operant Conditioning: apply to increase or decrease specific behavior
Modeling/Social Skills: observe and imitate
Exposure: extinction approach, systematic exposure to item to reduce phobia
Desensitization: Learning based treatment, used for anxiety

13. 5. Biological Drug Therapy
Antipsychotic: decrease dopamine, reduce hallucinations and delusions
Antianxiety: slows down synaptic activity in nervous system
Antidepressant: 3 types, alters hormone reactions in nervous system

14. Severe Treatments Electro-convulsive Therapy: Psycho-surgery:
Electrodes to skulls, electrical current, safe environment
Causing seizure of central nervous system
Psycho-surgery:
Procedure to remove or destroy brain tissue
Attempt to change disordered behavior

15. Therapy Notes Combine types: tailored to address certain disorders
Group Therapy: 6-8 people who share a disorder or problem
Family Therapy: family patterns are explored to support client’s needs
Marital Therapy: Therapist works with BOTH partners

16. Other Issues
Culture
Gender
Religion
Naturopathic
Social Expectations

17. Choosing a Therapist Therapist Variables Client Variables
Education & Experience
Style of therapy
Client Variables
Expectations
Willingness to work hard

18. Bibliography
Psychology, The Science of Mind and Behavior. 4th Edition, Passer & Smith, McGraw-Hill