ISLAM

Arabian Peninsula (between the Red Sea and Persian Gulf) Arab Life Where Arabs Live Arabian Peninsula (between the Red Sea and Persian Gulf) Close to the size of Alaska

Lived in tribes (like modern Afghans); headed by a Sheikh or chief The Bedouin Nomadic herders Lived in tribes (like modern Afghans); headed by a Sheikh or chief Struggle to survive Believed in Eye for an Eye

Towns Develop (500 AD) Makkah (or Mecca) Becomes holiest city

Origins of Islam Like Judaism & Christianity, roots are traced back to the prophet Abraham Abraham has two sons Isaac and Ishmael Ishmael and mother travel to Arabia; water from God comes out of sand at his feet, becomes Mecca Abraham builds a holy sanctuary there as instructed by God, called the Kabah

The Kabah https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFQHgdmJqjo (start to 2:45) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX3UHNhQ1Zk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFQHgdmJqjo (start to 2:45)

Islam means “submission to Allah (God)” Revelation of Islam Islam means “submission to Allah (God)”

Troubled by greed of wealthy, immorality, and mistreatment of poor Life of Muhammad Troubled by greed of wealthy, immorality, and mistreatment of poor Fasted and prayed in cave outside of Mecca

Revelation to Muhammad 610 AD, voice of God told him to “recite” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX3UHNhQ1Zk 15:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpcbfxtdoI8 (Crash Course start to 4:50) Told to “rise and warn” about divine judgment Only one God to worship All who believed were equal, rich should give to poor People measured by devotion and good deeds

Beliefs and Practices How do Islamic beliefs compare with the other religions we have studied?

The Quran Islamic holy book Messages revealed to Muhammad by Gabriel Abu Bakr writes message down Quran is God’s message as revealed to Muhammad Many stories found in Bible

Honor parents, show kindness to others Give to poor Moral Values Honor parents, show kindness to others Give to poor Murder, stealing, lying, and adultery are condemned No pork or alcohol

Essential duties that all Muslims are to fulfill Five Pillars of Islam Essential duties that all Muslims are to fulfill

The Five Pillars

1. Faith Must submit completely to God “One God (Allah) and Muhammad is his prophet” Muhammad is not divine, is a prophet; is most important of several prophets Allah is same God as Jews and Christians https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX3UHNhQ1Zk (start to 3:30)

2. Prayer 5 prayers per day: sunrise, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening Face Mecca while praying, must kneel Often pray in Mosque; led by imam or prayer leader

Blue Mosque-Istanbul,Turkey

Wealthy should help poor 3. Alms Giving Giving of Charity Wealthy should help poor

Must make journey to Mecca during one’s lifetime 4. Pilgrimage (or Hajj) Must make journey to Mecca during one’s lifetime

Must fast from sunup to sundown 5. Ramadan Holy Month Must fast from sunup to sundown

Spread of Islam After Muhammad’s death, Abu Bakr is chosen as first caliph (highest leader in Islam) Military campaigns are fought to unite Arabia People in conquered lands were not forced to convert Other caliphs continue to expand the empire Islam is also gradually spread through trade routes

SPREAD OF ISLAM

What is the link between Islam and trade? What might have been traded?

Islamic Sects (Branches) After Muhammad’s death, no successor is named Sunni Muslims follow Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s main disciple Shiite Muslims believe leadership stays in family line, follow Muhammad’s cousin Ali 90% of Muslims are Sunni; 10% are Shiite (Iran and parts of Iraq)