Chapter 10

Ch 10 continued Two types of reflexes Rooting reflex- when an infant is touched anywhere around the mouth he or she will move their head toward the source of the touch (example- breast feeding) Grasping reflex- is a response to the touch of the palm. Infants have been known to grasp an object, like a finger, so tightly that they can lift it into the air.

Telegraphic speech and schemas Is where a child leaves out words when they talk but is still able to get their point across. Ex. Where my apple? or “daddy fall down” Schemas are mental representations of the world or a specific plan for knowing the world

Object Permanence At a young age children do not understand that an object exists even if they cannot see it . Eventually the child will gain the concept of object permanence. They will often realize an object exists even if they cannot see it Jean Piaget came up with this concept and the concept of representational thought (where an infant can picture an object in their minds)

Conservation At the age of 5 to 7 a child begins to understand the concept of conservation. This is the principle that a given quantity does not change because its appearance changes. Ex. 12 oz. glass of water. Children under the age of 5 have difficulty understanding the concept of dimensions like width and height. This is because children are egocentric or they cannot see the world from someone else’s perspective.

Contact Comfort In Harry Harlow’s study with monkeys he found that monkeys had the basic need for contact comfort, which is the instinctual need to touch and be touched by something soft , such as skin or fur. Researchers have concluded that babies may cling to their mothers because of the need for contact rather than just for food. Thus, attachment grew more from bodily contact than from feeding

Imprinting Konrad Lorenz came up with imprinting. This is where an animal attaches itself to the first thing it sees after birth. Discovered this while studying geese. Critical period is a time frame where certain skills or abilities are most easily learned. Ex. Genie

3 types of parenting Authoritative parents – parent combine warmth with positive kinds of strictness. Children of parents like this are more independent and achievement oriented than other children. Children participate in decision making but parents have final word

3 types of parenting Authoritarian parents- parents are the boss and they have strict guidelines they expect their children to follow without question. Often these parents are cold and rejecting. Children of these parents are often either resistant to other people or dependent of them

3 types of parenting Permissive parents- these types of parent let there children have the final say and the parents ignore the child or have no control over them. Without clear and consistent guidance children of these types of parents may become confused with which behaviors are acceptable and which are not.