The Pharaohs and Dynasties Ancient Egypt The Pharaohs and Dynasties
Learning Goals Describe the roles of selected individuals in the process of change Narmer, Akhenaton, Hatshepsut Explain how viewing events in chronological order aids in understanding complex changes Identify forces that tended to reinforce stability and continuity Theocracy, religion...
Geography of Egypt Upper and Lower Egypt Black Land and Red Land The Nile River Who ruled Egypt? Was Egypt always unified?
What was a Pharaoh? The Pharaoh was the King of unified Egypt Pharaohs were also revered as living gods Pharaohs believed that they descendents of gods This is part of the concept of Divine Right, the belief that you can rule because your god said The pharaohs essentially had a theocratic government, in that religion held the power of the state above other institutions
A Time Line of Pharaohs Predynastic Period 3100-2650 BCE Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom 2040-1640 BCE New Kingdom 1550-1070 BCE Late Dynastic Period 1070-332 BCE Macedonian (Greeks) 332-48 BCE Roman 45 BCE – 395 CE Thutmose I Thutmose III Ptolemy I First Intermediate Period 2134-2040 BCE Second Intermediate Period 1640-1550 BCE Hyskos Kings
Narmer (Menes) Circa 3100 BCE The King that unified Egypt Established the capital city of Memphis Created the first Dynasty of Egypt
Djoser Circa 2650 BCE Created a strong central government This power allowed him to create the Step Pyramid Pyramid's became the symbol of power http://www.art-prints-on-demand.com/kunst/egyptian/seated_statue_king_djoser_263_hi.jpg http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/infopays/photos/EGY/orig/Pyramide_Djoser.jpg
Khufu (Cheops) Circa 2580 BCE Head of the 4th Dynasty The Great Pyramid at Giza was constructed for him His sons Chephren and Mycerinus built the next two in Giza http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aTvQcCNiy4M/T2T1G1o_rTI/AAAAAAAAC78/RWmFJr-UfYk/s1600/khufu01.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Giza-pyramids.JPG
The Pyramids at Giza
Hatshepsut 1479-1457 BCE Possibly first female ruler in the world Wore a ceremonial beard to fit the role Temple in her honour at Deir El-Bahri What happened to her? http://www.advice.bemoor.com/hatshepsut.jpg
Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV) 1352-1336 BCE Lead the Amarna Revolution Established new capital at Tell el Amarna New religion built around Aton, the sun god Sons Tutankhaton and Horemheb http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Akhenaten,_Nefertiti_and_their_children.jpg
Tutankhamen (Tutankhaton or 'Tut') 1336-1327 BCE Son of Akhenaton Changed name to Tutankhamen, dropped the 'aton' Restored polytheistic religion Known as the “Boy King” http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_DGktD0yTucM/TNQ2vF-zecI/AAAAAAAABcU/WRs7UrgtMa8/s400/Tut_mask.jpg
Ramses II 1279-1213 BCE Last of the great Pharaohs Two major conflicts with the Hittites Made Thebes his Capital City Immortalized himself through monuments and building projects http://foglobe.com/data_images/main/ramses-ii/ramses-ii-08.jpg
Cleopatra VII 51-30 BCE Last of the Greek, Ptolemy Dynasty Allied with the Romans: Julius Caesar and Mark Antony Committed suicide with Mark Antony http://lordsofthedrinks.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/cleo.jpg