1. The 3 Kingdoms of Egypt
Egyptian timeline is divided into 3 kingdoms the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.

2. Located in Lower Egypt-in Memphis
The Old Kingdom The Age of the Pyramids 2686 BCE to 2181 BCE Dynasties 3-6
Located in Lower Egypt-in Memphis
Kings and Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered to be gods on earth.

3. What are Pyramids? Tombs for Egyptian rulers
layers of stone blocks, burial chambers, and passage ways

4. Step Pyramid
built for King Dzojer-looks like steps (similar to Ziggurat)
Thought to help the king/pharaoh reach the afterlife
A staircase to heaven

5. Bent Pyramid

6. Great Pyramids of Giza Built for King Kufu
Took approximately 20 years to build
Built during times of flooding-by farmers
What was the time of flooding call?
_________________________
Smaller pyramids built for King’s wife
Covers 13 acres
Tip was covered with gold to reflect the sun’s rays

7. Great Pyramids of Giza

8. The Pyramid of Meydum
The Bent Pyramid
The Great Pyramids of Giza

9. 1st Intermediate Period 2181 BCE to 2040 BCE Dynasties 7-11
Times of war
Local rulers competed for power
Prosperity declined
Cultural achievements were low

10. The Middle Kingdom The Golden Age 2040 BCE to 1786 BCE Dynasties 11-12
Mentuhotep II
50 year rein
Egypt became more prosperous
Financially, culturally, and expanded it’s territory

11. Amenemhet Vizier to Mentuhotep I (Vizier-advisor)
Not a family member-was
made the heir to the throne by the king
Moved capital back to lower Egypt
Under his rein Egypt grew and flourished
Nomes-districts for governing

12. Invasion of the Hyksos Invaders from the Fertile Crescent
Introduced horses, chariots,
new weapons, fortification
These changes helped Egypt to expand later during the New Kingdom

13. The New Kingdom The Age of the Pharaohs 1552 BCE to 1096 BCE Dynasties 18-20
Egypt as a Nation State becomes the world’s strongest power
Thebes is capital
Dynasty 18 drives Hyksos out of Egypt
Full standing Army-use horses and chariots
Dynasty 18 and 19 most prosperous
Dynasty 20 power struggles between Kings, priests and officials
Many Dynasties after 20-but non were nation-states
Outsiders rule
CLASS NOTES

14. Pharaohs means grand house
Kings Grand Palace
Kings are now called
Pharaohs
Gods in human form
CLASS NOTES
The Valley of the Kings is created; all New Kingdom pharaohs are buried here

15. Pharaohs of the New Kingdom
Thutmose I - reaches the Euphrates River
Hatshepsut - daughter of Thutmose I
- rules as a Pharaoh
- leads armies into battle
Thutmose III - developed an empire
- made Egypt most powerful nation

16. Amenhotep IV -brought great changes -believed in ONE god - ATON
-married to Nefertiti
-changed name in honor of Aton
to Akhenaton
-moved capital Akhetaton
-change in religion,
caused unrest
-fear of anger of
other gods

17. King Tutankhaton (King TUT)
son of Akhenaton
changed religion back to Polytheism
old gods AND Aton
changed name back to Tutankhamen

18. Egyptian Social Pyramid

19. Rosetta Stone
Over time the Egyptian method of writing changed from one form to another. As it changed, more and more people forgot how to read the hieroglyphics.
Finally around 1800 CE, a stone was found called the Rosetta Stone.
On the stone there were three kinds of writing telling the same story.
At the bottom was Greek (which the archaeologists could read)
In the middle was Demotic-a later Egyptian writing (which could be read too)
At the top was hieroglyphics. Archaeologists could translate it based on the meanings, words, and symbols from the other two languages!

21. Activity: Write like an Egyptian Create a cartouche of your name using ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.