Civilization Timeline (all dates estimations) Hunting-Gathering 195,000 – 10,000 BC Agricultural Revolution ~10,000 BC Industrial ~1750/60 Computer Revolution 1930-40s, 1980s, 1995 You are here

Computer Revolution (1930s-40s, 1970s, 1990s) Computers and Globalization Computing Power Ease of travel Ease of global finance Communications Ability to communicate instantly Ability to communicate globally Information Ability to share large amounts of information with anyone, anywhere Global spread of technology

Early Conclusions of the New Era? Empowers individuals and organizations Nation-states have lost their monopoly on: Violence Ideas Communications Wealth

Actors in the International System Nation-states War and peace Intergovernmental Organizations Their purpose and how they deal with conflict Non-Governmental Organizations Non-state actors The Good The Bad

How do Nation-states cooperate? IGOs

Transnationalism

Intergovernmental Organizations – IGOs

League of Nations League of Nations Covenant

IGOs United Nations International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) World Trade Organization (WTO) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, the wealthy countries' club) Group of Eight: University of Toronto Group of 8 Information Page, (the richest nations' economic leadership forum) Group of 77 (G-77, a meeting group of developing nations) African Union (AU) Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) The Commonwealth (Britain and nations that were former colonies) Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) Organization of Central Asian states Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) European Union (EU) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Organization of American States (OAS) Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Pacific Community (Pacific Island nations and territories)

United Nations United Nations home page Secretary General’s home page (with reports, press releases on UN actions) Secretary General’s Report on UN goals and reform for the 21st century: “In Larger Freedom” Report of the Secretary General’s High-Level Panel on UN Reform UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Court of Justice (ICJ) International Labor Organization (ILO) UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Health Organization (WHO) World International Property Organization WIPO (that protects copyrights for patents, books, films, and software) World Food Program (WFP) UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

World Health Organization (WHO)

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

United Nations Godzilla Countermeasures Center

UN Documents, Organization, Responsibilities UN Charter UN Structure UN Documents UN General Assembly UN Security Council Secretary General International Court of Justice (ICJ) UN TV

UN Structure

Collective Security Chapter Seven of the UN Charter Article 39 The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security.

Collective Security: Korean War 1950-53

Korea Still Divided

Persian Gulf War 1990-1991

Collective Security and the Persian Gulf War UNSC Resolution 660 (8/2/90) UNSC Resolution 678 (11/29/90) Elimination of Iraqi WMD International Atomic Energy Agency –IAEA UN Special Commission -- UNSCOM