1. Political Power
and Globalization

2. Reconfiguration of Political Power
Modern state as principal type of political rule
18th and 19th century
Correspondence between territory, sovereignty, and legitimacy
Supreme jurisdiction over a demarcated political area
Enjoying a monopoly of coercive power
Nation-state: Legitimacy based on consent and loyalty of citizens
International society of states
Territorial sovereignty
Formal equality
Non-intervention in internal affairs
State consent as the foundation of international legal agreement

3. Sovereign equality
"I who am the sultan of sultans, the sovereign of sovereigns, the dispenser of crowns to the monarchs on the face of the earth to thee who are Francis, king of the land of France."-Suleiman, in the opening of a letter to Francis I of France

4. “Formal Equality”

6. Reconfiguration of Political Power
New international actors
International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)
Multi-national corporations (MNCs)
International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and transnational social movements
International terrorist and criminal networks
Increasing number of international treaties
Cosmopolitan law –limiting the political power of individual states

7. Intergovernmental Organizations
Associations of states created to advance common goals and whose activities extend beyond national boundaries.
Based on the principle of sovereign equality.
United Nations and the UN system (global)
To maintain international peace and security
To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character
International Labor Organization
World Health Organization
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

8. Intergovernmental Organizations
Economic Institutions
World Bank
International Monetary Fund
World Trade Organization
Regional Organizations
European Union
North American Free Trade Area
Organization of American States
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
African Union

9. IGOs and Globalization
Promotion of free markets, liberal democracy, and human rights
Single purpose to multi-purpose
More intrusive, states cede sovereignty voluntarily.
Peace-making and state-building
East Timor, UN Transnational Administration, ; Kosovo, UN Transnational Administration, ; Bosnia UN Mission
Membership conditionality
European Union and Council of Europe
World Trade Organization
Adjudication
World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement
European Court of Human Rights

10. UN in East Timor, Kosovo, Bosnia

11. International Non-governmental Organizations
Non-state actors organized transnationally around a particular issue area
Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders, Greenpeace
Roles:
Provide information
Issue-based campaigns
Transnational leverage
Administer local projects, deliver assistance
Assets:
Credibility: do not represent state or commercial interests
Represent local and grassroots constituencies

12. Number of IGOs and INGOs

13. MNCs and Public/Private Partnerships
Multi-National Corporations: engages in foreign direct investment and owns or controls value-added activities in more than one country
Public/private partnerships
Private security: Blackwater in Iraq
Health sector, vaccines and fight against disease
Global Compact: MNCs, IGOs, INGOs, and governments cooperate to advocate core values.
Private sector standard- setting to avoid public regulation
Accounting, credit-rating, product health and safety standards

14. Blackwater: A Private Military Company

15. Human Rights 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Many covenants and protocols
Sovereignty as responsibility and responsibility to protect UN Report and resolution
States have the primary responsibility to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity
The international community has responsibility to provide assistance to states in building capacity for the above.
The international community has responsibility to take timely and decisive action against states that fail to protect their populations

16. Crimes against Humanity- International Tribunals
Nuremburg Trials after WW2
International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia
ICT for Rwanda
Special Courts (Sierra Leone, Lebanon, Cambodia)
International Criminal Court 2002: persecutes individuals for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.
Cases where accused is a citizen of a state party. (China, US, Russia, Turkey are not parties)
Cases after founding Rome Treaty came into effect.
Uganda, DR Congo, Central African Republic, Darfur (Sudan)

17. Who are They?

19. Reconfiguration of Political Power in Europe (European Union)
Supranationalism: Delegation and pooling of sovereignty
State consent
State equality
Issues of exclusive competence, shared competence, and national (complementary) competence.
Exclusive: Common trade policy, monetary policy
Shared: social policy, environmental policy
National: education, culture

21. EUROZONE
Dark Blue: Participating countries, since 1999 (coins and banknotes entered circulation 2002)
Light Blue: Participating countries, after 1999
Brown: EU members without the euro

22. EU Institutions EU institutions:
European Commission: represent European interest. One bureaucrat/ state
European Council: represent national interests. Vote weights proportional to population
European Parliament: directly elected. Represent ideological interests. Seats proportional to population

23. European Commission

24. European Parliament