Organs and Organ Systems

Organs Organ: an organized group of tissues that perform a specific function It is important to keep our organs healthy and functioning properly When an organ isn’t working properly because of disease or injury we sometimes can transplant a healthy or part of an organ from a donor Often transplanted: Kidney Liver Lungs Heart

Animal Organs Skin Lung Heart Esophagus Stomach Intestines

Plant Organs Roots: Leaf: Anchor plant in the soil Collect water from surrounding soil and transport it to the stem Store food that is made in other parts of the plant Many different tissues: epidermal (root cap), meristematic tissue, ground tissue and vascular tissue (centre of root) Leaf: Tissues in leaf work together to perform photosynthesis Vascular tissue transports water up to leaf and takes away sugars produced Mostly made up of specialized ground tissue - mesophyll

Plant Organs Stem: Two major functions Transports water and nutrients throughout plant Supports leaves and flowers Tissues: epidermal, ground tissue, vascular Flower Reproductive structure of the plant – produces seeds

Organ Systems Organ System: consists of a group of organs that work together to carry out specific duties in the body.

Animal Organ Systems Biologists categorize organ systems according to their main functions There are 11 main organ systems in the human body

Integumentary System Organs Involved: skin, hair, nails, glands Basic Functions: Covers and protects body Glands help control body temperature http://www.waukesha.uwc.edu/lib/reserves/zoo234diagrams.html

Skeletal System Organs Involved: bones, cartilage Basic Functions: Supports body Allows movement Protects the body http://www.waukesha.uwc.edu/lib/reserves/pdf/zillgitt/zoo170/diagrams2/diagrams2.html

Muscular System Organs Involved: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, tendons, ligaments Basic Functions: Works with skeletal system to provide movement Moves materials within body http://www.waukesha.uwc.edu/lib/reserves/zoo234diagrams.html

Digestive System Organs Involved: mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, liver, intestines, rectum Basic Functions: Ingestion Digestion Absorption of nutrients Elimination of solid wastes http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/1081754/1087/The-human-digestive-system-as-seen-from-the-front

Respiratory System Organs Involved: nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm Basic Function: Exchange of gases http://www.shands.org/health/HIE%20Multimedia/2/9828.htm

Circulatory System Organs Involved: heart, blood vessels, blood Basic Functions: Transportation of materials (such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes) within body http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/nf/ClipArt/Image/0,,239033_1582309_239081,00.html

Nervous System Organs Involved: brain, nerves, spinal cord Basic Functions: Controls body functions Coordinates responses and activities http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/nf/ClipArt/Image/0,,239033_1582296_,00.html

Endocrine System Organs Involved: glands (pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, adrenals), pancreas, ovaries (females), testes (males) Basic Functions: Controls growth and development Controls metabolism http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM02671

Excretory System Organs Involved: skin, kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra Basic Functions: Elimination of wastes http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/excretory_system_anatomy.html

Reproductive System Organs Involved: female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus male: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, urethra Basic Functions: Reproduction http://encarta.msn.com

Lymphatic System Organs Involved: white blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels Basic Functions: Protects body from disease Circulates fluid called lymph Absorbs and transports fats http://www.3dscience.com/3D_Models/Human_Anatomy/Male_Systems/Male_Lymphatic_3.php

Plant Organ Systems A plant has two organ systems: Shoot system: Includes everything above ground (stem, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits) Root system: Includes everything below ground