The Rock Cycle

Tuesday Find your seat(EARN BACK OPEN SEATING) Have your notebooks out (HOT SPOT PAGE) You get 5 minutes to work on your vocab before class starts. Reminder: VOCABULARY 6 Due tomorrow

What is the Rock Cycle? The idea that rocks are continually changing from one type of rock to another and back again through Earth’s natural processes. Are any of these rocks being created or destroyed throughout the processes of the rock cycle?

Key Words to Understanding the Rock Cycle: Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Intrusive Extrusive Magma Lava Cooling Melting Crystallization (Crystal Size) Heat Pressure Weathering Erosion Sediment Compacting Cementing Deposition

Igneous Rock

What is the difference between lava and magma? Igneous Rock Igneous rock is formed when magma or lava cools and crystallizes: INtrusive – when magma cools INside; cools slower = larger crystals EXtrusive – when lava cools OUTside; cools faster = smaller crystals What is the difference between lava and magma?

Key Question: Lava: Magma:

Metamorphic Rock

Where could these regions of heat or pressure occur? Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic means to “change form” – represents a chemical change Metamorphic rock usually forms deep in Earth’s crust BUT it can form anywhere there is a lot of heat or pressure Where could these regions of heat or pressure occur?

Sedimentary Rock

What could these sediments be composed of? Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rock is formed by processes of erosion and weathering near Earth’s surface Sediments are transported from one place to another & deposited in layers with the oldest on the bottom The layers become compacted and cemented together What could these sediments be composed of?

Classwork Complete the Rock Cycle WebQuest using a Chromebook, or your own technology. Start NOW, finish for homework

Wednesday Vocabulary Mix & Match Practice Have Web Quest Out NO ONE SHOULD HAVE THEIR CHROME BOOKS OPEN

Thursday Warm Up: Practice Quiz on Google Classroom Reminder: Vocabulary Quiz tomorrow Quiz will have old words…just saying!

Melting & Cooling Melting is the result of continued heating Leads to production of magma or lava and new igneous rocks which are formed when the the magma or lava cools. Cooling leads to the magma or lava forming a solid igneous rock. Magma is molten rock that is still inside of Earth Lava is molten rock that is on Earth’s surface

Crystallization When the magma or lava gets cool enough the minerals that will make up the rock begin to crystallize and form an inter grown mass of crystals.

Crystallization If the crystals begin to form deep in the Earth where it is relatively warm the magma cools slowly allowing the crystals to grow relatively large. If the magma reaches the surface, the lava cools quickly and the crystals do not have time to grow very large. If the crystals cannot grow at all and volcanic glass is formed. This is what causes intrusive or extrusive igneous rocks

Crystallization

Heat and Pressure Metamorphic rocks trapped underground are still subject to enormous heat from rising magma, or heated water, and pressure. Sometimes the heat can get so intense the rocks actually melt, but often the change occurs when the rock is still a solid! Pressure comes from the incredible weight of material surrounding the rock on all sides. Or, for example millions of years of sediment on top of each other. The pressure pushes new minerals into the rock and drives other minerals out; the result, of course, is that the rock is chemically changed.

Sediment

Sediment Examples of sediment can be pretty much anything like… Materials, originally suspended in a liquid, (usually water) that settles at the bottom of the liquid when it is left standing for a long time – stream beds, mouth of rivers etc Material eroded from preexisting rocks that is transported by water, wind, or ice and deposited elsewhere Organic material such as fossil fragments, shells, seeds, bones etc.

Weathering The process in which rocks are broken down by chemical and/or physical processes into smaller particles. There are three types of weathering Physical Weathering: physical action which breaks up rocks. An example of this is freezing & thawing of water trapped in the cracks or pores of rocks. Chemical Weathering: When the rock is attacked by chemicals. An example of this is how acid rain breaks down limestone. Biological Weathering: Occurs when rocks are weakened and broken down by animals and plants. A tree root system that is slowly splitting rocks is an example of this type of weathering.

Erosion

Erosion Erosion is the wearing away, or “mass wasting” of exposed surfaces by natural forces such as wind, moving water and ice. Rock fall under gravity is also erosion. This is the removal process that follows weathering.

Compaction The result of this pressure is a compaction of the sediment The sediment is squeezed or “compacted” together causing a reduction in pore space and a sticking together of the grains. The pressure is often a result of the layers of sediment on top pressing down on older layers.

Cementation – taking Compaction a step further Most sediments are deposited in water containing dissolved minerals. The water flows through the sediment and some of these minerals precipitate on the grain surfaces. With time, the liquid material effectively glues the sediment together into a cohesive solid - a sedimentary rock.

Deposition & Transportation The transportation process occurs when the particles created by weathering are carried or moved by ice, air, or water to a different location. The sediment is then deposited or laid to rest in that new location.

Study Jams – Rock Cycle http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/rocks-minerals-landforms/rock-cycle.htm Watch the video and answer these 3 questions: How is the rock cycle similar to recycling? Explain how each of the 3 types of rock can turn into the other 2 types. What are the physical and chemical changes that allow the process of the rock cycle to occur?