1. THE ROCK CYCLE -Rock -Rock Cycle -Mineral -Igneous -Metamorphic
Key Vocabulary:
-Rock
-Rock Cycle
-Mineral
-Igneous
-Metamorphic
-Sedimentary

2. What is a rock?
Rock: any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet Mineral: a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition
Teacher Actions: Direct students to record information on the RH side of their notebook
Student Actions: Students record notes

4. Rock Cycle - The continuous process that cause rocks to change
Magma or lava solidifies
Melting
Weathering, erosion, deposition
Metamorphism
Teacher Actions: Direct students to record information on the RH side of their notebook
Student Actions: Students record notes
Compaction & cementation

6. How is Sediment Made?
Together, weathering and erosion work continuously to wear down the material on Earth’s surface. weathering – process that breaks down rock and other substances of Earth’s surface erosion – removal of rock particles by wind, water, ice or gravity

7. Weathering acts slowly, but over time will break down the largest and hardest of rocks
mechanical weathering – rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces by processes chemical weathering – process that breaks down rocks through chemical changes

8. Mechanical Weathering
Abrasion
Rock particles wear away rock
Freezing & Thawing
Breaks rock by ice wedging
Animal actions
Ground breaks away by animals burrowing
Plant growth
Roots grow into cracks of rocks and pry them apart

9. Chemical Weathering Acid Rain Carbonic Acid Living Organisms Oxygen
Results from burning fossil fuels causing minerals to wear away rapidly
Carbonic Acid
Forms from CO2 dissolving in water then weathers marble and limestone
Living Organisms
Plants produce weak acid that slowly dissolve rock that surround roots
Oxygen
Oxidation produces rust on some rocks that have iron

10. Deposition
deposition – the laying down or settling of eroded material

11. Geologists classify rocks into three major rock groups based on how they form: Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous

12. Sedimentary Rock
rock material that forms where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together

13. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
sediment – small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or remains of living things
Formed through a series of processes which include:
erosion – form sediment by particles getting carried away from their source by wind and water
deposition – process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it
compaction – process that presses sediment together growing thick layers that build up over millions of years
cementation – process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together

14. Metamorphic Rock
forms when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions

15. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into metamorphic rock.
foliated – metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands
nonfoliated – mineral grains are arranged randomly

16. Igneous Rock
created when magma or lava cools and crystallizes

17. IGNEOUS ROCKS Formation: May form on or beneath Earth’s surface.
Extrusive rocks – igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface
Intrusive rocks – rock that formed when magma hardened beneath Earth’s surface

18. Final Exam
A student observed a rock made up of many small particles of sand arranged in light-colored layers and dark-colored layers. Which of the following statements describes how this type of rock most likely formed?
Clay was crushed and frozen under a glacier.
Lava from a volcano cooled quickly in water.
River sediments were slowly compacted and cemented together.
Mineral deposits hardened into solid rock in underground caves.
Teacher Actions: Use quick quiz strategy.
Assessment (i.e. SAT or ACT practice, Writing: RACE+C)
NY Regents
3. Energy is produced within the Sun’s core by the process of
insolation
nuclear fusion
conduction
radioactive decay

19. Final Exam
A student observed a rock made up of many small particles of sand arranged in light-colored layers and dark-colored layers. Which of the following statements describes how this type of rock most likely formed?
Clay was crushed and frozen under a glacier.
Lava from a volcano cooled quickly in water.
River sediments were slowly compacted and cemented together.
Mineral deposits hardened into solid rock in underground caves.
Teacher Actions: Use quick quiz strategy.
Assessment (i.e. SAT or ACT practice, Writing: RACE+C)
NY Regents
3. Energy is produced within the Sun’s core by the process of
insolation
nuclear fusion
conduction
radioactive decay