Egyptian Culture Chapter 3 Section 2

Key Terms Obelisk Mummification Hieroglyphics Papyrus Rosetta Stone

Gods and Godesses Worshiped many Few central Osiris- king and judge of the dead Isis-nature and protector of women Horus-god of the sky, pharaohs thought to be human form Anubis-judge of and protector of cemeteries

Re- god of the sun, father of pharaohs Anubis weighed the souls of the dead Light soul, good life Heavy soul fed to terrible monster

Temples and Religious Pratices Built temples to honor the gods Obelisks- tall thin pillars with pyramid shaped tops (single stone) Priests performed rituals Caring for gods left to the priests

Mummification and Burial Belief in afterlife Elaborate rituals for death Ka-individuals personality Thought Ka would shrivel if body decomposed

Mummification and Burial Prevent breakdown of dead body Only kings and royal family Remove internal organs Brain through nose Heart left in body Organs placed in jars

Burial Buried with all their possessions Food and drink Pharaohs had treasures and riches Statues for servants

Daily Life Images on tomb walls Items buried Clothing cosmetics Furniture tools

Social Structure Highly stratified Pharaoh and royal family Government officials Priests Scribe Military leaders Were the wealthiest

Social Structure 90% peasants farmers Recruited to build large projects Slaves Not large part of population Less rigid Gain status as a scribe Ability to read and write

Home and Family Life Varied by class Pharaohs married their sisters Royalty had more than one wife Lived as family units Poor tiny hut Wealthy brick home, few rooms

Women and Children Women take care of children Women had rights Could be priestess Inherit property Divorce husbands Girls learned how to raise children Boys learned trades

Appearance and Customs Shaved heads and wore wigs Wore perfume and makeup Clothing linen and wool Men wore long skirts Gold jewelry Sports, boating, hunting

Egyptian Art Very distinctive Torsos are straight on Detailed and colorful Illustration of stories Found on walls of tombs Torsos are straight on Head, arms legs from side Gods and pharaohs drawn much larger

Egyptian Writing Recorded all kinds of events Hieroglyphics-uses pictures from symbols to represent sounds, objects Hieratic/Demotic- for fast writing religious Papyrus- made from reeds still around

Egyptian Writing Rosetta Stone Same text written in three scripts Hieroglyphics Demotic Ancient Greek Using Greek text figured out meaning Unlocked the mystery of Egypt

Egyptian Math and Science Used it to improve their lives Add, subtract, multiply, divide Geometry Medicine Human anatomy Surgical procedures Used medicine from plants