Early Industry and Inventions Chap.11 Standard 8.6.2 We will list and name the important inventions & discoveries during the Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution The first Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century. An industrial revolution is when hand tools are replaced by factory machines, and farming is replaced by large-scale manufacturing. An example is the making of clothes (textiles)

CFU ? Where did the Industrial Revolution begin ? Come up with a definition for “revolution” with your partner?

Spinning Jenny and Power Loom Before the Industrial Revolution, clothes were made at home. After the Indust. Revolution, clothes were made by machines in factories. Often these machines were run by children.

Factory System The factory system had many workers under one roof working at machines. Many people left farms and moved to the city to work in factories. They wanted the money that factories paid. This change was not always for the better.

The Rhode Island System The mill industry filled jobs by hiring whole families, and paying children low wages. Built housing for workers and provided a company store Samuel Slater’s strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks was called the Rhode Island system.

CFU ? What changes did the “Factory System bring to daily life during the Industrial Age? ____________________________________________________________________

Factories Come to New England New England was a good place to have a factory. Factories needed water power, and New England had many fast-moving rivers.

CFU ? WHY WAS the North and The New England region a good place to have factories ? _________________________________

The Lowell Mills Hire Women In (1813 ) Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in eastern Massachusetts, near the Concord River. The factory spun cotton into yarn and wove the cotton into cloth. The Lowell Factories hired mainly young un-married women. The “Lowell girls” lived in company-owned boardinghouses. The girls worked over 12 hours a day !

CFU ? What was different about the Lowell Mills ? * Answer: The Lowell Mills hired primarily young _____________to perform factory labor.

The Lowell Girls Young women came to Lowell in spite of the noise. They came for the good wages: between two and four dollars a week. The girls usually only worked for a few years until they married.

Summary Explain in detail how the contributions of Francis Cabot Lowell & Samuel Slater affected manufacturing in the United States. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Interchangeable Parts The first use of interchangeable parts was created by inventor Eli Whitney. Before this time, guns were made one at a time. Each gun was different. If a part broke, a new part had to be created. Whitney created muskets with exactly the same parts, so any part would fit any gun. The use of interchangeable parts “sped” up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the use of lower-paid, less skilled workers.

Steamboat Robert Fulton designed a steamboat that could move against the current of a river or against the wind. This created more opportunities for trade & transportation on rivers. The Clermont- (1807) was the first commercial steamboat in the U.S

CFU ? What was the name of the first full sized commercial steamboat in the U.S ? ________________.

CFU ? – Partner Pair Share What does the term “Commercial” refer to ? ____________________________________________________________________

The Telegraph The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse (1832). This machine sent long and short pulses of electricity along a wire. It took only seconds to communicate with another city. The invention of the steamboat and telegraph brought the people of the nation closer to each other.

John Deere and the plow In 1836, John Deere invented a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge. Deere’s plow made preparing the ground for planting much less work.

Cyrus McCormick and the reaper Cyrus McCormick invented a mechanical reaper, cut grain from the fields. This allowed farmers to plant much more seed because they could harvest it easier.

The Threshing Machine The threshing machine separated the kernels of wheat from the husks, which was a far faster way of getting wheat than picking it by hand. The threshing machine increased the growing of wheat.

New Technologies help nation grow With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers. Midwestern farmers became a market for Northeastern manufactured goods. The growth of the textile factories increased the demand for Southern cotton. This led to the expansion of slavery.

The cotton gin Inventor Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin. The gin took the seeds out of the cotton, which was much faster than doing it by hand. The cotton gin also greatly expanded the need for slaves.

CFU ? - Partner Pair Share- Writing Summary A.) How did Eli Whitney “influence” American manufacturing ? _____________________________________________ B.) How did the invention of the Cotton Gin contribute to the expansion of slavery? ______________________________

Section Discussion Questions p. 351 #1-3 a&b 1a) What was the first industry to begin to use machines to manufacture goods? 1b) In what ways might life for workers change as a result of the Industrial Revolution? 2a) In what part of the U.S were most mills located? Why was this ?

Section Discussion Questions p. 351 #1-3 a&b 2b) How did the ideas of Samuel Slater and Eli Whitney affect manufacturing in the U.S ? 3a) What event encouraged the growth of American manufacturing? Why? 3b) Why was manufacturing in Great Britain in the early years more successful than that in the U.S ?

Transportation Revolution The 1800s gave rise to Transportation Revolution: period of rapid growth in new means of transportation This created boom in business by reducing shipping costs and time Two new forms of transportation were steamboat and steam-powered trains

Steamboat & Steam locomotive

The impact of “Railroads” Steam-powered trains had been developed in Great Britain, but it took 30 years for the idea to catch on in the United States. Peter Cooper raced his “Tom Thumb” locomotive against a horse in 1830, proving its power and speed despite losing because of a breakdown near the end of the race.

The impact of Railroads About 30,000 miles of railroads linked American cities by 1860. The U.S. economy surged as railroads moved goods cheaply to distant markets.