Section 3: The Building Blocks of Life Organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned

Essential Questions What is the role of carbon in living organisms? What are the four major families of biological macromolecules? What are the functions of each group of biological macromolecules? Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Building Blocks of Life

Vocabulary Review New organic compound macromolecule polymer carbohydrate lipid protein amino acid nucleic acid nucleotide The Building Blocks of Life Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study of organic compounds – compounds that contain carbon. Carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules. Carbon atoms bond together to form a variety of important organic compounds. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Building Blocks of Life

Macromolecules Macromolecules are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. Polymers are molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers. Macromolecules are organized into four major categories: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Building Blocks of Life

Add link to interactive table from page 167 (Table 1) here. Biological Macromolecules Interactive Table FPO Add link to interactive table from page 167 (Table 1) here. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Water and Solutions

Macromolecules Carbohydrates Compounds composed of a ratio of 1 carbon :2 hydrogen :1 oxygen are called carbohydrates. Carbohydrates have a general formula of (CH2O)n where n indicates the number of CH2O units in the chain. Carbohydrates are a central energy source in organisms, as well as functioning as cellular support in plants, fungi, and animals. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Building Blocks of Life

Macromolecules Lipids Lipids are molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes. A lipid’s primary function is to store energy, but they are also used to prevent water loss in plants and form the honeycomb in beehives. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Building Blocks of Life

Macromolecules Proteins Proteins are compounds made of smaller carbon compounds called amino acids. All amino acids are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur and share the same general structure. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Building Blocks of Life

Macromolecules Proteins There are 20 different amino acids, and proteins are composed of various combinations Proteins are responsible for structural support in cells, transporting substances within and between cells, signaling within and between cells, speeding up chemical reactions, and controlling cell growth. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Building Blocks of Life

Add link to interactive table from page 170 (Figure 29) here. Peptide Bonds Animation FPO Add link to interactive table from page 170 (Figure 29) here. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Water and Solutions

Macromolecules Nucleic acids Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that transmit and store genetic information. Nucleic acids are composed of smaller repeating subunits composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen called nucleotides. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Building Blocks of Life

Macromolecules Nucleic acids There are two types of nucleic acids in living organisms: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education The Building Blocks of Life

Review Essential Questions Vocabulary What is the role of carbon in living organisms? What are the four major families of biological macromolecules? What are the functions of each group of biological macromolecules? Vocabulary macromolecule polymer carbohydrate lipid protein amino acid nucleic acid nucleotide The Building Blocks of Life Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education