The 5 basics of reading By Lauren Valentine

Reading Skills Phonemic Awareness “making up spoken language, combine to form syllables and words. Phonemic awareness refers to the student’s ability to focus on and manipulate these phonemes in spoken syllables and words” Phonics “ is the relationship between the letters (or letter combinations) in written language and the individual sounds in spoken language” Fluency “Fluency is the ability to read as well as we speak and to make sense of the text without having to stop and decode each word” Vocabulary “vocabulary can be learned incidentally through storybook reading or listening to others, and vocabulary should be taught both directly and indirectly” Comprehension “is the complex cognitive process readers use to understand what they have read” (Read naturally Inc., 2017)

Tools and Resources Teachers-how to incorporate the 5 skills Practice combination words Post vocabulary words on bulletin boards Devote time each day for quiet reading Create mini lessons for comprehension Journal entries after reading to develop phonemic awareness and comprehension Teach how to segment words by using picture cards Parents- how to use the 5 skills at home Read 20 minutes each night While reading ask child questions Have them draw pictures Have them come up with stories to share Break down words Replace letters and ask for rhyming words while driving or at the dinner table Seek help from teachers if necessary Teach phonics (names and sounds of letters) Teach children to enjoy reading

References Read Naturally Inc. (2017). Essential components of reading. Retrieved from https://www.readnaturally.com/research/5 -components-of-reading.