Performance Enhancing Drugs Sukhpal Virk Seminar

Agenda What are Performance Enhancing Drugs Types of PED’s (Individually) Risks and Side Effects of Each PED Why PED’s are Illegal Why PED’s are Used? Do All Athletes in Sports Use PED’s? (with activity) Controversy in Sports (with case studies) Abuse of PED (Anabolic Steroids)

What Are Performance Enhancing Drugs? Substances used by athletes to better their performance during activity Also referred to as PED’s Used in many sports competitions Often only associated with anabolic steroids

Types of PED’s Lean Mass Builders Stimulants Painkillers Sedatives Diuretics Blood Boosters

Lean Mass Builders Amplify growth of muscle and lean muscle mass Help reduce body fat Reduce recovery time for an athlete to come back from an injury Class of Drugs includes; Anabolic Steroids, beta 2 agonists, Androstenedione (andro), and other hormones Synthetic Growth Hormones found in animals also

Risks and Side-Effects of Lean Mass Builders Breasts (Men) Baldness (Both Genders) Shrunken Testicles Deeper Voice (Both Genders) Infertility Severe acne Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol) Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol) Increases chances of heart attack and stroke High blood pressure (hypertension) Heart and circulatory problems Prostate gland enlargement Aggressive behaviors, rage or violence Psychiatric disorders, such as depression Drug dependence Infections or diseases such as HIV or hepatitis if you're injecting the drugs

Stimulants Stimulate both the body and mind Enhance focus, energy, and aggression Class of Drug includes; caffeine, amphetamine, methamphetamine Risks and Side Effects Include: Insomnia Anxiety Weight loss Dependence and addiction Dehydration Tremors Increased heart rate and blood pressure Increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and cardiac arrhythmia

Painkillers Risks Include: A false sense of invincibility Mask athletes pain Allows athletes to perform beyond their usual pain threshold Blood pressure increases Cells and muscles become better supplied with oxygen Painkillers range from over the counter such as NSAIDS, or to powerful prescription narcotics Risks Include: A false sense of invincibility Nausea and vomiting Increased pain threshold and failure to recognize injury Decreased heart rate Physical and psychological dependence; leading to addiction

Sedatives Common in sports like archery Enhance accuracy and steady hands Also used by athletes to overcome nervousness Class of Drugs includes; alcohol, propanolol, marijuana Risks include: Increased heart rate Impaired short-term memory Distorted sense of time and space Diminished ability to concentrate Slowed coordination and reaction of reflexes Respiratory diseases

Diuretics Expels water from body Often used by wrestlers and body builders to meet weight restrictions Also used as a ‘masking drug’ Risks Include: Dehydration Muscle cramps Dizziness or fainting Drop in blood pressure Loss of coordination and balance

Blood Boosters Increase the oxygen carrying capacity of blood Used in endurance sports Helps athletes perform for longer durations without going into oxygen debt Often used by travelling teams Risks include: Increased stress on the heart Blood clotting Stroke  

Why Are PED’s Illegal? Immense side effects Life threatening risks Goes against the motif and goal of sports Abused by athletes Unfair advantages Legal if prescribed, but not for athletic purposes

Why PED’s Are Used Physical superiority over opponents Stable mindset in order to focus on certain things To perform while injured Intimidate competitors Even the odds Used by average people because of false advertising by the media Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M957dACQyfU

Do All Athletes Use PED’s? No, it is not mandatory All sports are affected by PED’s Different sports are reflective of different types of PED’s Examples Include: Bodybuilders – Lean Mass Builders Long Distance Track – Blood Boosters Fighters – Painkillers Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0DIY-UDwXA

Sports Specific PED Case Study Practice Sport Name: Martial Arts (UFC) Goal of Sport: To beat your opponent by KO, TKO, or submission with both physical strength and mental planning. Primary Techniques and Strengths of Sport: Physique- size, strength, speed, stamina Mental- concentration Which PED(s) to use and why: Lean Mass Builders – to have more strength and intimidation Blood Doping – to be able to make it through rounds without tiring Etc.

Controversy in Sports - MLB 2003 - MLB introduces lenient steroid policy Most controversial sport in regards to PED allegations Multiple players accused and found guilty Multiple players come forward admitting their use of PED’s Trials and controversy in media with MLB records in past decade Multiple suspensions (50 games, 3 seasons, etc) PED enforcement becomes strict, spreading to more sports

Athletes Using PED’s Controversy – Case Study Practice Summarize article (who, what sport and PED(s), when incident occurred, how they got caught/came forward) Effects on their own life and the people around them Consequences Was it worth it? (Personal, no wrong answers)

Abuse of PED’s Case Study – Gregg Valentino The man whose arms exploded Abused anabolic steroids for about a decade daily 4000-5000mg testosterone per week according to him DONT USE PED’s! Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7-L_TV3o2A