1. ANABOLIC STEROIDS JEFF L. ANGLESEY II

2. PROFILE  Anabolic steroids are a substance or substances related to testosterone, the male hormone that promotes muscle growth  There are over 100 varieties but only few are approved for human and veterinary use  Each are schedule III drugs

3. PROFILE CONT.  Many illegal steroids are smuggled in from other countries, illegally diverted from US pharmacies, or synthesized in labs  It is estimated that there is over $400 million worth of black market sales per year  Steroids are use for athletes to gain the competitive edge  Outside of sports it is widely linked to body dismorphia

4. HISTORY  Steroids can be traced back to the 1930’s when a team of scientists developed a synthetic form of testosterone to help men that lacked in the hormone  During WWII steroids were used the help malnourished soldiers gain weight and improve performance  In the 1956 Olympics the Soviet athletes performed at exceptionally high levels due to steroids  From 1956 to the early 1970’s steroids became increasingly popular among Olympic and professional athletes  In 1975 the Olympic committee banned them from competition

5. HISTORY CONT.  After that black market sales increased until the first federal ban in 1988  In 1990 steroids where made a schedule III controlled substance

6. METHODS OF USE  Steroids can be taken in different ways  Intravenously  Intramuscular  Orally  Topically  They can be taken by  Pyramiding  Cycling  Stacking These doses can be 10 to 100 times higher than the prescribed dose for medical purposes

10. PHYSICAL EFFECTS  Steroids can have an androgenic effect  Deepening voice  Increased facial hair  Initial enlargement of some male sex glands They can also have an anabolic effect Increased muscle mass Increase of internal organs Increased bone calcium

11. PHYSICAL EFFECTS CONT.  Steroids work on the body in a very complex way  Essentially, steroid hormones work by stimulating certain parts of muscle cells  This stimulation causes an increase in the production of proteins, which is one of many chemicals associated with increased muscle mass

12. PYSICAL EFFECTS  Short term  Acne  Fluid retention  Rapid weight gain  Increased blood pressure and cholesterol levels  Insomnia  Headaches  Reduced sexual function  Increase in muscle size  Swelling of feet and ankles  Improved healing  Improved appetite

13. PHYSICAL EFFECTS CONT.  Long term  Blood clotting difficulties  Heart attacks  Cardiovascular, liver, and reproductive damage  Premature heart attacks and stroke  Reduced sexual functioning  Stunted growth in adolescents  Increased chance of injuring ligaments, tendons, and muscles  When injecting: bacterial infections, abscesses, cellulitis, and HIV/AIDS  Increase in muscle size

14. EFFECTS IN MEN  Short term  Reduced sperm count  Damage to the heart  Impotence  Difficulty or pain urinating  Long term  Liver disease or liver cancer  Development of breasts  Shrinking of the testicles

15. EFFECTS IN WOMEN  Short term  Breast reduction  Excessive hair growth  Long term  Deepened voice  Enlarged clitoris  Abnormal menstrual cycle

19. PSYCOLOGICAL EFFECTS  Although there is no definitive scientific research indicating that steroids cause excessive aggressiveness “roid rage” there have been many account by users that state that they have had outbursts  When drugs are stopped research has shown  Depression  Paranoid jealousy  Extreme irritability  Delusions  Impaired judgement stemming from feelings of invincibility

20. TYPES OF STEROIDS  There are more than 100 different names for steroids  Commonly abuse  Oral  Anadrol  Oxandrin  Dinabol  Winstrol  Injectable  Deca-durabolin  Durabolin  Depo-testosterone  equipoise