BIOMES: KINDS OF ECOSYSTEM Lecture VII BIOMES: KINDS OF ECOSYSTEM Reporters: Macapagal, Aprilyn Javier, Joel

What is a BIOME?

BIOMES consist of broad regional groups of related manageable units called ECOSYSTEM.

SEVERAL MAJOR BIOMES

●Soils often have abundant nutrients. Desert biome ●cover about one fifth of the Earth’s surface and occur where rainfall is less than 20 cm/year.  ●climate has least precipitations and unpredictable from year to year.  ●The dominant animals of warm deserts are non-mammalian vertebrates. ●Soils often have abundant nutrients.

Hot desert FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF DESERTS ●mean temperature is about 22 °C (72 °F) ●soil consists of coarse gravel or sand

Hot desert ●Plants are mainly ground-hugging shrubs and short woody trees.  ●Animals include small nocturnal (active at night) carnivores.

cold desert FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF DESERTS ●cold winters with snowfall and high overall rainfall ●soil is heavy, silty, and salty ●plants are widely scattered ●animals include jack rabbits, kangaroo rats, etc.

●Summer temperatures usually average between 21-27° C. FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF DESERTS Semi arid desert ● The spiny nature of many plants in semiarid deserts provides protection in a hazardous environment ●Summer temperatures usually average between 21-27° C. ● The soil can range from sandy and fine-textured to loose rock fragments, gravel or sand ● Many animals find protection in underground burrows where they are insulated from both heat and aridity

Semi arid desert Coastal desert FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF DESERTS FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF DESERTS Semi arid desert Coastal desert The cool winters of coastal deserts are followed by moderately long, warm summers. ●The cool winters are followed by moderately long, warm summers. ● The soil is fine-textured with a moderate salt content. Some plants have extensive root systems close to the surface where they can take advantage of any rain showers The soil is fine-textured with a moderate salt content ● Plants have extensive root systems close to the surface where they can take advantage of any rain showers Some animals have specialized adaptations for dealing with the desert heat and lack of water ● Animals have specialized adaptations for dealing with the desert heat and lack of water

grassland ● are dominated by grasses and a rich array of deep-rooted, beautifully flowering non-grass species.

Types of grassland Two Seasons: Growing Season and Dormant Season Tall Grass Short Grass Two Seasons: Growing Season and Dormant Season

grassland Plants Animals

forests ● are regions where trees grow as a result of adequate temperature and minimal precipitation of 75 centimeters or more.

Tropical Biomes ●Tropical rainforest is a forest with high, fairly constant rainfall and temperature.

Tropical Biomes ●Tropical seasonal forest or monsoon forest.

Tropical Biomes ●Tropical savanna consists of grassland dotted with scattered small trees and shrubs.

Tropical Biomes ●Tropical thornwood, shrubland and tropical shrub.

Temperate biomes ●Temperate deciduous forest occurs in a moderately humid area.

Temperate biomes ●Temperate evergreen forest occurs where the condition favors conifers or broad-leaf evergreens over deciduous trees.

Temperate biomes ●Temperate rainforest occurs in cold climates near the sea with an abundant winter rainfall and summer clouds or fogs.

Temperate biomes ●Temperate woodland occurs where climate is too dry to support a forest yet provides sufficient moisture to support trees as well as grasses.

Temperate biomes ●Temperate shrubland is represented by the Chaparral communities that occurs in all five regions of the world.

Temperate biomes ●Temperate grassland is also known as prairie in North America, steppe in Asia, pampas in South America and veldt in South Africa. Grassland biome is often referred to as the world’s breadbasket.

Taiga ●The term comes from the Russian word meaning “primeval forest” and also known as boreal forest.

tundra ●is a treeless biome that occurs far north in the Arctic regions where winters are too dry and cold to permit the growth of trees. ●Permafrost is the permanent frozen layer.

Environmental Variables Affecting the Biomes ●Sunlight powers the photosynthesis and essential for vision.

Environmental Variables Affecting the Biomes ●Temperature. Organisms can survive within a specific, limited range of temperature.

Environmental Variables Affecting the Biomes ●Water and dissolved salts. Precise balance of water, dissolved salts and organic molecules in the body fluids of organisms must be maintained to keep the cells alive. Salinity affects the ability of the organisms to control their water balance.

Environmental Variables Affecting the Biomes ●Oxygen. The concentration of available oxygen can be an important limiting factor in a variety of environments.

Environmental Variables Affecting the Biomes ●Metabolic waste. Waste products have to enter the biogeochemical cycle wherein they are broken down and carried away.

Environmental Variables Affecting the Biomes ●Nutrients. Distribution of nutrients is important in determining where organisms can grow and where they cannot.

Thank you for listening!