BY THE FIRST GROUP

The proportion of population living below the poverty line declined from 38.6% revealed by Household Budget Survey in 1991/92 to 33.6% according to 2007 HBS. The greater percentage of Tanzanian workforce i.e.80% have been employed in the agricultural sector

1) Develop effective redistributive mechanism/policy to ensure that marginalised groups are also enjoying the national cake. 2) Improve irrigation scheme. According to Country Report on the MDGs (2010), it is argued that about 6.7% of cultivable land is in use and only a small proportion of this is under irrigation.

3) Establish Agro-processing industries and effective marketing strategies. 4) Transform subsistence farming into commercial farming. 5) Budgetary allocation for purchasing agricultural inputs must be increased. It is argued that over 8 million farmers demand fertilisers, but the government is able to finance via voucher schemes about 1.5 million farmers only ( CROMDGs,2010).

In this case, the major focus is on rural-urban migration that results to increased urban poverty. It is evidenced by 1) increased number of slums, 2) increased unemployment, 3) inadequacy of urban resources, etc. According to ILO (2010), the proportion of working people living below the poverty line in 2006 is higher in rural areas(34.7%) than in both Dar es Salaam(13.1%) and other urban areas(21.2%).

1) Improve rural infrastructure like roads to promote growth of key economic activities in rural areas. 2) Create more employment opportunities by focusing on effective agricultural development strategies and establish Agro- processing industries 3) Ensure reliable power supply in rural areas

4) Improve social services like health services, education and financial services( SACCOS) in rural areas. 5) Ensure an easy access of agricultural technologies in rural areas. It is said in the CRMDGs,2010 that 70% of farmers use hand-hoe, 20% use animals and 10% use tractors.

In Urban Areas:- 1) Soft landing- Continue improving urban areas 2) Ensure effective planning of urban areas. According to country report to the commission on sustainable development(CSD) of 16 May 2008, 70% of urban residents in most cities in Tanzania live in unplanned settlements as slums and squatter areas.

Recommendations:- 1) Enhancing family values 2) Develop family welfare development policy 3) Increase the number of qualified social workers at the ward level.

1) Strengthen health care services in both rural and urban areas. 2) Reproductive health services should be widely available, friendly and accessible. 3) Ensure adequate and qualified human resources particularly midwives and doctors 4) Increase budget of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to effectively implement health programmes.

5) Continue reducing under-five mortality rate(U5MR). Even though there is a decrease in U5MR i.e. From 112 child deaths per 1000 live births in 2004/05 to 81 child deaths per 1000 live births in 2009/10 in Tanzania mainland (TDHS,2010), we still have to continue reducing U5MR. 6) Continue combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.

7) Continue reducing malnutrition among the Tanzanian population. According to TDHS (2010) data show that malnutrition is still higher in rural areas (44.5%) than in urban areas (31.5%).

Recommendations:- 1) Increase an access to household resources by women ( Property ownership). 2) Increase participation of women in decision making. 3) Reduce domestic violence and other sort of women abuse.

4) Promote the development of an informal sector. It is believed that most women have engaged in informal sector. 5) Women should become more competitive in the labour market to increase their share in wage employment in non-agricultural sector. It is stated that the proportion of females in wage employment in Tanzania mainland remains low as women constitute 30% of the paid employees (URT,2006).

1) Addressing the quality of education by improving teaching and learning environment in public schools. According to CRMDGs (2010), it is argued that poverty at household level means also that parents in poor households are least able to send their children to private schools which are more expensive. 2) Mainstreaming reproductive health education in school curricular.

3) Strengthen and sustain Food Programmes in primary ad secondary schools. 4) Strengthen special education programmes like vocational training programmes and secondary school education programme to those who are not in the formal secondary education.