Designing and Producing Apparel Using Design in Fashion

Objectives: Explain the importance of each element of design in relation to fashion Apply the principles of design to apparel Describe how harmony is achieved in garment designs Discuss how to use design to create illusions that enhance appearance

Good design or harmony The Design Equation Elements Principles Color Shape Line Texture Principles Balance Proportion Emphasis Rhythm Good design or harmony

The Elements of Design COLOR Hue The name given to a color Value The lightness or darkness of a hue Tint Adding white to a hue (pastel) Shade Adding black to a hue Intensity The brightness or dullness of a hue

COLOR Communication Black - elegant, sophisticated, dignified, strong, serious, sad Brown - earthy, casual, comfortable, natural Navy - dignified, cool, classic, peaceful, calm Green – signifies life, nature, friendly Red - aggressive, passionate, vibrant Yellow - sunny, cheerful, warm Orange - cheerful, youthful, lively Violet - royal, wise, dramatic Gray - modest, sad, quiet dignity, professional Beige - quiet, tailored White – innocent, youthful, pure Pink - soft, feminine Gold - wealth, power, luxury

Using the COLOR Wheel Primary Hues Secondary Hues Red, Yellow, Blue Secondary Hues Orange, Green, Violet Intermediate or Tertiary Hues Yellow-green, Yellow-orange, Red-orange, Red-violet, Blue-violet, Blue-green

COLOR Schemes Monochromatic Analogous Complementary Tints and shades of one hue Analogous Adjacent hues Complementary Opposite hues Split complementary 1 hue with hues on each side of its complement Triad 3 hues equal distance Accented neutral Neutral (white, black, gray, beige) with an accent of bright color

Illusions Through COLOR Using Color in Fashion Extreme contrast makes colors look brighter Light colored objects appear larger Dark colored objects recede or appear smaller Fashion is more attractive without equal areas of light and dark Color is affected by light and texture

SHAPE and LINE Shape or silhouette Lines in Fashion Outline or form Determined by cut and construction of the garment Lines in Fashion Outline the inner and outer spaces Can be structural or decorative The shape of the pants are bell-bottoms, the lines (stripes) are decorative.

LINE Types and Directions Straight Bold, severe, dignified Curved Flowing, rounded, soft, youthful Jagged or Diagonal Noticeable, interesting, can create confusion Vertical Height, slimming, dignity Horizontal Width, restful, calming

TEXTURE Tactile quality of goods or how material feels Can be created from fibers, yarns, and fabric construction Illusions Shiny, bulky, fuzzy, or heavy textures make figures look larger Dull or flat textures tend to slenderize

The Principles of Design Balance Formal balance Symmetrical Dignified Can look boring Informal balance Creates balance asymmetrically Elements placed unequally in a way that achieves balance Equality among the parts of a design or outfit

Proportion The spatial, or size, relationship of the parts of design to each other and to the whole Most pleasing when divided unevenly Garments should bring out the natural proportions of the body to be pleasing What parts of the jacket are out of proportion?

EmphAsis A concentration of interest in a particular part or area of a design. May be achieved with contrasts of colors or textures, structural lines, or unusual shapes Is your eye drawn to the tie? Or perhaps to the “a” in emphasis?

RRRhhyyytthhhmm Creates easy movement of the observer’s eye by: Repetition Repeats lines, shapes, colors, or textures Gradation Increase or decrease of design elements (also called progression) Radiation Created by lines or colors emerging from a center (petals on a flower)

Harmony Pleasing visual unity of all aspects of a design All parts of the design look as if they belong Does not have excess variation that could displease or detract

Illusions Created by Design When selecting garments, use the elements and principles of design to accentuate positive figure traits and de-emphasize the negative ones. Fashion professionals know how to do this. Which one is most slimming?

Do You Know . . . How do cool and warm colors appear to change the size and shape of a person? How can you use the elements and principles of design to accomplish the following: Look taller and thinner Avoid attention to your hips Attract attention to your face